Commit ad7f71674a ("[POWERPC] Use a
sensible default for clock_getres() in the VDSO") corrected the clock
resolution reported by the VDSO clock_getres() but introduced another
problem in that older versions of gcc (gcc-4.0 and earlier) fail to
compile the new code in arch/powerpc/kernel/asm-offsets.c.
This fixes it by introducing a new MONOTONIC_RES_NSEC define in the
generic code which is equivalent to KTIME_MONOTONIC_RES but is just an
integer constant, not a ktime union.
Signed-off-by: Tony Breeds <tony@bakeyournoodle.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This patchset adds a flags variable to reserve_bootmem() and uses the
BOOTMEM_EXCLUSIVE flag in crashkernel reservation code to detect collisions
between crashkernel area and already used memory.
This patch:
Change the reserve_bootmem() function to accept a new flag BOOTMEM_EXCLUSIVE.
If that flag is set, the function returns with -EBUSY if the memory already
has been reserved in the past. This is to avoid conflicts.
Because that code runs before SMP initialisation, there's no race condition
inside reserve_bootmem_core().
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix powerpc build]
Signed-off-by: Bernhard Walle <bwalle@suse.de>
Cc: <linux-arch@vger.kernel.org>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@in.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This makes the SPE register data appear in ELF core dumps, using the
new n_type value NT_PPC_SPE (0x101). This new note type is not used
by any consumers of core files yet, but support can be added. I don't
even have any hardware with SPE capabilities, so I've never seen such
a note. But this demonstrates how simple it is to export register
information in core dumps when the user_regset style is used for the
low-level code.
Signed-off-by: Roland McGrath <roland@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
This cleans up the 32-bit ptrace syscall support to use user_regset calls
to get at the register data for PTRACE_*REGS* calls.
Signed-off-by: Roland McGrath <roland@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
This replaces powerpc's compat_sys_ptrace with a compat_arch_ptrace and
enables the new generic definition of compat_sys_ptrace instead.
Signed-off-by: Roland McGrath <roland@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
This removes some duplicated code by calling the new generic
compat_ptrace_request from powerpc's compat_sys_ptrace.
Signed-off-by: Roland McGrath <roland@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Now that ptrace_request handles these, we can drop some more boilerplate.
Signed-off-by: Roland McGrath <roland@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
This replaces all the code for powerpc PTRACE_*REGS* requests with
simple calls to copy_regset_from_user and copy_regset_to_user. All
the ptrace formats are either the whole corresponding user_regset
format (core dump format) or a leading subset of it, so we can get
rid of all the remaining embedded knowledge of both those layouts
and of the internal data structures they correspond to. Only the
user_regset accessors need to implement that.
Signed-off-by: Roland McGrath <roland@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
This switches the CONFIG_PPC64 support for 32-bit ELF to use the
generic fs/compat_binfmt_elf.c implementation instead of our own
binfmt_elf32.c. Since so much is the same between 32/64, there is
only one macro we have to define to make the generic support work out
of the box.
Signed-off-by: Roland McGrath <roland@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
This extends task_user_regset_view CONFIG_PPC64 with support for the
32-bit view of register state, compatible with what a CONFIG_PPC32
kernel provides. This will enable generic machine-independent code to
access user-mode threads' registers for debugging and dumping.
Signed-off-by: Roland McGrath <roland@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
This provides the task_user_regset_view entry point and support for
all the native-mode (64 on CONFIG_PPC64, 32 on CONFIG_PPC32) thread
register state. This will enable generic machine-independent code to
access user-mode threads' registers for debugging and dumping.
Signed-off-by: Roland McGrath <roland@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
This implements user_regset-style accessors for the powerpc general
registers. In the future these functions will be the only place that
needs to understand the user_regset layout (core dump format) and how
it maps to the internal representation of user thread state.
Signed-off-by: Roland McGrath <roland@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
This isolates the ptrace code for the special-case registers msr and trap
from the ptrace-layout dispatch code. This should inline away completely.
It cleanly separates the low-level machine magic that has to be done for
deep reasons, from the superficial details of the ptrace interface.
Signed-off-by: Roland McGrath <roland@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
This implements user_regset-style accessors for the powerpc SPE data,
and rewrites the existing ptrace code in terms of those calls.
Signed-off-by: Roland McGrath <roland@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
This implements user_regset-style accessors for the powerpc Altivec data,
and rewrites the existing ptrace code in terms of those calls.
Signed-off-by: Roland McGrath <roland@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
This implements user_regset-style accessors for the powerpc FPU data,
and rewrites the existing ptrace code in terms of those calls.
Signed-off-by: Roland McGrath <roland@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
While merging, I found a small bug that I forgot to send. I add an
offset to a value twice.
Signed-off-by: Sean MacLennan <smaclennan@pikatech.com>
Signed-off-by: Josh Boyer <jwboyer@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
The addition of of_rtc for the Walnut board was only half complete. Select
OF_RTC in the Kconfig and include the appropriate header to make it compile.
Signed-off-by: Josh Boyer <jwboyer@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
The xics code does update the default server information when the boot
cpu is removed. This patch recognizes when the boot cpu is being
removed and updates the appropriate information based on the new 'boot
cpu'.
Failure to update this information can causes us to leave irqs pinned
to cpus that are being removed, especially when removing the boot cpu.
The cpu is removed from the kernel, but cpu dlpar remove operations
fail since we cannot return the cpu to the hypervisor.
Signed-off-by: Nathan Fonteno <nfont@austin.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
It appears that xics.c has its own of_get_cpu_node(). Remove this and
use the common one from prom.c.
Signed-off-by: Nathan Fontenot <nfont@austin.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
This splits off the kexec path bits of the xics_teardown_cpu() routine
into its own xics_kexec_teardown_cpu() routine. With the previous
combined routine the CPPR for a cpu that is being removed may have its
CPPR reset in the plpar_eoi() call (which explicitly sets the CPPR to
a non-zero value). Splitting of the kexec bits of the code prevents
this from happening in the cpu remove path.
Once again, this does not cause the cpu remove from the kernel to
fail, but it does cause cpu dlpar operations to not be able to return
the cpu to the hypervisor.
Signed-off-by: Nathan Fontenot <nfont@austin.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
The affinity mask in the virq descriptor needs to be set before we
reset the affinity for the virq. Without doing this the call to get
the new irq server fails and we end up leaving the virq pinned to the
cpu we are removing.
This does not fail the cpu remove from the kernel, but it does prevent
cpu dlpar remove operations from returning the cpu to the hypervisor.
Signed-off-by: Nathan Fontenot <nfont@austin.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Currently, the kernel uses CONFIG_DEVICE_TREE to wrap a kernel image
with a fdt blob which means for any given configuration only one dts
file can be selected and so support for only one board can be built
This moves the selection of the default .dts file out of the kernel
config and into the bootwrapper makefile. The makefile chooses which
images to build based on the kernel config and the dts source file
name is taken directly from the image name. For example "cuImage.ebony"
will use "ebony.dts" as the device tree source file.
In addition, this patch allows a specific image to be requested from the
command line by adding "cuImage.%" and "treeImage.%" targets to the list
of valid built targets in arch/powerpc/Makefile. This allows the default
dts selection to be overridden.
Another advantage to this change is it allows a single defconfig to be
supplied for all boards using the same chip family and only differing in
the device tree.
Important note: This patch adds two new zImage targets; zImage.dtb.% and
zImage.dtb.initrd.% for zImages with embedded dtb files. Currently
there are 5 platforms which require this: ps3, ep405, mpc885ads, ep88xc,
adder875-redboot and ep8248e. This patch *changes the zImage filenames*
for those platforms. ie. 'zImage.ps3' is now 'zImage.dtb.ps3'.
This new zImage.dtb targets were added so that the .dts file could be
part of the dependancies list for building them.
Signed-off-by: Grant Likely <grant.likely@secretlab.ca>
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Here's a dumb simple implementation of fake NUMA nodes for PowerPC.
Fake NUMA nodes can be specified using the following command line
option
numa=fake=<node range>
node range is of the format <range1>,<range2>,...<rangeN>
Each of the rangeX parameters is passed using memparse(). I find the
patch useful for fake NUMA emulation on my simple PowerPC machine.
I've tested it on a numa box with the following arguments
numa=fake=512M
numa=fake=512M,768M
numa=fake=256M,512M mem=512M
numa=fake=1G mem=768M
numa=fake=
without any numa= argument
The other side-effect introduced by this patch is that; in the case
where we don't have NUMA information, we now set a node online after
adding each LMB. This node could very well be node 0, but in the case
that we enable fake NUMA nodes, when we cross node boundaries, we need
to set the new node online.
Signed-off-by: Balbir Singh <balbir@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Looks like "[POWERPC] kdump shutdown hook support" broke builds when
CONFIG_DEBUGGER=n and CONFIG_KEXEC=y, such as in g5_defconfig:
arch/powerpc/kernel/crash.c: In function 'default_machine_crash_shutdown':
arch/powerpc/kernel/crash.c:388: error: '__debugger_fault_handler' undeclared (first use in this function)
arch/powerpc/kernel/crash.c:388: error: (Each undeclared identifier is reported only once
arch/powerpc/kernel/crash.c:388: error: for each function it appears in.)
Move the debugger hooks to under CONFIG_DEBUGGER || CONFIG_KEXEC, since
that's when the crash code is enabled.
(I should have caught this with my build-script pre-merge, my bad. :( )
Signed-off-by: Olof Johansson <olof@lixom.net>
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Minimal /dts-v1/ device tree for mpc5121 ads.
port-number property in uart nodes
will go away after the driver learns to use aliases
Signed-off-by: John Rigby <jrigby@freescale.com>
Signed-off-by: Grant Likely <grant.likely@secretlab.ca>
512x is very similar to 83xx and most
of this is patterned after code from 83xx.
New platform:
changed:
arch/powerpc/Kconfig
arch/powerpc/platforms/Kconfig
arch/powerpc/platforms/Kconfig.cputype
arch/powerpc/platforms/Makefile
new:
arch/powerpc/platforms/512x/*
include/asm-powerpc/mpc512x.h
Signed-off-by: John Rigby <jrigby@freescale.com>
Signed-off-by: Grant Likely <grant.likely@secretlab.ca>
calibrate_delay() must be __cpuinit, not __{dev,}init.
I've verified that this is correct for all users.
While doing the latter, I also did the following cleanups:
- remove pointless additional prototypes in C files
- ensure all users #include <linux/delay.h>
This fixes the following section mismatches with CONFIG_HOTPLUG=n,
CONFIG_HOTPLUG_CPU=y:
WARNING: vmlinux.o(.text+0x1128d): Section mismatch: reference to .init.text.1:calibrate_delay (between 'check_cx686_slop' and 'set_cx86_reorder')
WARNING: vmlinux.o(.text+0x25102): Section mismatch: reference to .init.text.1:calibrate_delay (between 'smp_callin' and 'cpu_coregroup_map')
Signed-off-by: Adrian Bunk <bunk@kernel.org>
Cc: Ivan Kokshaysky <ink@jurassic.park.msu.ru>
Cc: Richard Henderson <rth@twiddle.net>
Cc: "Luck, Tony" <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Christian Zankel <chris@zankel.net>
Cc: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This moves the ability to scale cputime into generic code. This allows us
to fix the issue in kernel/timer.c (noticed by Balbir) where we could only
add an unscaled value to the scaled utime/stime.
This adds a cputime_to_scaled function. As before, the POWERPC version
does the scaling based on the last SPURR/PURR ratio calculated. The
generic and s390 (only other arch to implement asm/cputime.h) versions are
both NOPs.
Also moves the SPURR and PURR snapshots closer.
Signed-off-by: Michael Neuling <mikey@neuling.org>
Cc: Jay Lan <jlan@engr.sgi.com>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Mainly, this involves two changes:
1) xilinx->xlnx (recognized standard is to use the stock ticker)
2) In order to have the device tree focus on describing what the
hardware is as exactly as possible, the compatible strings contain the
full IP name and IP version.
Signed-off-by: Stephen Neuendorffer <stephen.neuendorffer@xilinx.com>
Acked-by: Peter Korsgaard <jacmet@sunsite.dk>
Signed-off-by: Grant Likely <grant.likely@secretlab.ca>
Of_get_parent and of_find_compatible_node do a of_node_get, and thus a
corresponding of_code_put is needed in both the error case and the normal
return case.
The problem was found using the following semantic match.
(http://www.emn.fr/x-info/coccinelle/)
// <smpl>
@@
type T,T1,T2;
identifier E;
statement S;
expression x1,x2,x3;
int ret;
@@
T E;
...
* E = \(of_get_parent\|of_find_compatible_node\)(...);
if (E == NULL) S
... when != of_node_put(...,(T1)E,...)
when != if (E != NULL) { ... of_node_put(...,(T1)E,...); ...}
when != x1 = (T1)E
when != E = x3;
when any
if (...) {
... when != of_node_put(...,(T2)E,...)
when != if (E != NULL) { ... of_node_put(...,(T2)E,...); ...}
when != x2 = (T2)E
(
* return;
|
* return ret;
)
}
// </smpl>
Signed-off-by: Julia Lawall <julia@diku.dk>
Cc: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Kumar Gala <galak@gate.crashing.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
The functions of_find_compatible_node and of_find_node_by_type both
call of_node_get on their result. So any error handling code
thereafter should call of_node_put(np). This is taken care of in the
case where there is a goto out, but not when there is a direct return.
The function irq_alloc_host puts np into the returned structure, which is
stored in the global variable mpc8xx_pic_host, so the reference count
should be set for the lifetime of that variable. The current solution ups
the reference count again in the argument to irq_alloc_host so that it can
be decremented on the way out. This seems a bit unnecessary, and also
doesn't work in the case where irq_alloc_host fails, because then the
reference count only goes does by one, whereas it should go down by two. A
better solution is to not increment the reference count in the argument to
irq_alloc_host and only decrement it on the way out in an error case.
The problem was found using the following semantic match.
(http://www.emn.fr/x-info/coccinelle/)
// <smpl>
@@
type T,T1,T2;
identifier E;
statement S;
expression x1,x2,x3;
int ret;
@@
T E;
...
* E = \(of_get_parent\|of_find_compatible_node\)(...);
if (E == NULL) S
... when != of_node_put(...,(T1)E,...)
when != if (E != NULL) { ... of_node_put(...,(T1)E,...); ...}
when != x1 = (T1)E
when != E = x3;
when any
if (...) {
... when != of_node_put(...,(T2)E,...)
when != if (E != NULL) { ... of_node_put(...,(T2)E,...); ...}
when != x2 = (T2)E
(
* return;
|
* return ret;
)
}
// </smpl>
Signed-off-by: Julia Lawall <julia@diku.dk>
Cc: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: Kumar Gala <galak@gate.crashing.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Of_get_parent and of_find_compatible_node do an of_node_get, and thus a
corresponding of_code_put is needed in the error case.
The problem was found using the following semantic match.
(http://www.emn.fr/x-info/coccinelle/)
// <smpl>
@@
type T,T1,T2;
identifier E;
statement S;
expression x1,x2,x3;
int ret;
@@
T E;
...
* E = \(of_get_parent\|of_find_compatible_node\)(...);
if (E == NULL) S
... when != of_node_put(...,(T1)E,...)
when != if (E != NULL) { ... of_node_put(...,(T1)E,...); ...}
when != x1 = (T1)E
when != E = x3;
when any
if (...) {
... when != of_node_put(...,(T2)E,...)
when != if (E != NULL) { ... of_node_put(...,(T2)E,...); ...}
when != x2 = (T2)E
(
* return;
|
* return ret;
)
}
// </smpl>
Signed-off-by: Julia Lawall <julia@diku.dk>
Cc: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: Kumar Gala <galak@gate.crashing.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
One is intoduced by me (of_node_put() absence) and another was
present already (not checking for NULL).
Found by Stephen Rothwell.
Signed-off-by: Anton Vorontsov <avorontsov@ru.mvista.com>
Acked-by: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au>
Signed-off-by: Kumar Gala <galak@kernel.crashing.org>
Enable math emulation and ucc_geth and some PHYs mpc83xx boards use.
Signed-off-by: Kim Phillips <kim.phillips@freescale.com>
Signed-off-by: Kumar Gala <galak@kernel.crashing.org>
arch/powerpc/platforms/83xx/mpc832x_rdb.c: In function ‘mpc832x_rdb_setup_arch’:
arch/powerpc/platforms/83xx/mpc832x_rdb.c:104: warning: ‘np’ is used uninitialized in this function
Signed-off-by: Kim Phillips <kim.phillips@freescale.com>
Signed-off-by: Kumar Gala <galak@kernel.crashing.org>
The e300 c3 and c4 variants support hardware performance monitor counters
which are identical to those found in the e500.
Signed-off-by: Andy Fleming <afleming@freescale.com>
Signed-off-by: Kumar Gala <galak@kernel.crashing.org>
Some of the more recent e300 cores have the same performance monitor
implementation as the e500. e300 isn't book-e, so the name isn't
really appropriate. In preparation for e300 support, rename a bunch
of fsl_booke things to say fsl_emb (Freescale Embedded Performance Monitors).
Signed-off-by: Andy Fleming <afleming@freescale.com>
Signed-off-by: Kumar Gala <galak@kernel.crashing.org>
Cleaned up IRQ layout and removed unsused ISU allocations.
Fixed RTC address typo from /dts-v1/ conversion.
Incorporated list suggestions to use an "iomega," vendor prefix,
and to use a node reference rather than a hard path.
Signed-off-by: Jon Loeliger <jdl@@jdl.com>
Signed-off-by: Kumar Gala <galak@kernel.crashing.org>
cpm_uart_core has a dependency on fsl,cpm-brg/clock-frequency, this
means that a .dts that uses the cpm uart driver needs to supply a
clock-frequency entry for get_brgfreq to return a meaningful number.
Signed-off-by: Bryan O'Donoghue <bodonoghue@codehermit.ie>
Signed-off-by: Kumar Gala <galak@kernel.crashing.org>
The 8313 rdb has a ds1339 at address 0x68.
Signed-off-by: Kim Phillips <kim.phillips@freescale.com>
Signed-off-by: Kumar Gala <galak@kernel.crashing.org>
Currently, update_mmu_cache will crash if given a no-access PTE.
There's no need to synchronize dcache/icache unless it's an exec
mapping -- however, due to the existence of older glibc versions that
execute out of a read-but-no-exec page, readability is tested instead.
This assumes no exec-only mappings; if such mappings become supported,
they will need to go through the kmap_atomic() version of
dcache/icache synchronization.
This fixes a bug reported by some users where the kernel would crash
while dumping core on a threaded program.
Signed-off-by: Scott Wood <scottwood@freescale.com>
Acked-by: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
The patch to legacy_serial.c (1a7507c7da,
Reduce code duplication in legacy_serial, add UART parent types) changed
the semantics for opb ports from type = "opb" || compatible = "ibm,opb"
to type = "opb" && compatible = "ibm,opb".
The result is serial ports on our QS21s (Cell blades) don't get found,
and for some reason the machine doesn't boot at all - possibly it's
panicking due to lack of a console?
The fix is to add two entries to the of_device_id table, one that looks
for type = "opb" and the other compatible = "ibm,opb".
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <michael@ellerman.id.au>
Acked-by: Paul Gortmaker <paul.gortmaker@windriver.com>
Acked-by: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
This ensures that the syscall and the (fast) vdso versions of
clock_getres() will return the same resolution.
Signed-off-by: Tony Breeds <tony@bakeyournoodle.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
WARNING: vmlinux.o(.text+0x3017c): Section mismatch in reference from the function .vio_create_viodasd() to the function .devinit.text:.vio_register_device_node()
Signed-off-by: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au>
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
I got this warning from gcc:
arch/powerpc/platforms/cell/axon_msi.c:118: warning: 'tmp' may be used uninitialized in this function
Which turns out to be a false positive, but pointed out that it was
possible for the error path in find_msi_translator() to do an extra
of_node_put on a node. This fixes it by localising the ref counting
a bit. As a side effect, the warning goes away.
Signed-off-by: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au>
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Tony Breeds