Use msecs_to_jiffies, for these calculations as different HZ
considerations are taken into account for conversion of the timer
shot, and also it makes the code more readable.
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <dborkman@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Hannes Frederic Sowa <hannes@stressinduktion.org>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
We only call that in functions annotated with __init, so add __init
prefix in prandom_start_seed_timer() as well, so that the kernel can
make use of this hint and we can possibly free up resources after it's
usage. And since it's an internal function rename it to
__prandom_start_seed_timer().
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <dborkman@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Hannes Frederic Sowa <hannes@stressinduktion.org>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
When using pool space for DMA buffer, there might be duplicated calling of
gen_pool_alloc() and gen_pool_virt_to_phys() in each implementation.
Thus it's better to add a simple helper function, a compatible one to the
common dma_alloc_coherent(), to save some code.
Signed-off-by: Nicolin Chen <b42378@freescale.com>
Cc: "Hans J. Koch" <hjk@hansjkoch.de>
Cc: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>
Cc: Eric Miao <eric.y.miao@gmail.com>
Cc: Grant Likely <grant.likely@linaro.org>
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Cc: Haojian Zhuang <haojian.zhuang@gmail.com>
Cc: Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
Cc: Kevin Hilman <khilman@deeprootsystems.com>
Cc: Liam Girdwood <lgirdwood@gmail.com>
Cc: Mark Brown <broonie@kernel.org>
Cc: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <m.chehab@samsung.com>
Cc: Rob Herring <rob.herring@calxeda.com>
Cc: Russell King <linux@arm.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Sekhar Nori <nsekhar@ti.com>
Cc: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
Cc: Vinod Koul <vinod.koul@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Looks like these were added to Documentation/printk-formats.txt but
not the in-file table.
Signed-off-by: Olof Johansson <olof@lixom.net>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Remove unnecessary work pending test before calling schedule_work(). It
has been tested in queue_work_on() already. No functional changed.
Signed-off-by: Xie XiuQi <xiexiuqi@huawei.com>
Reviewed-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Some setuid binaries will allow reading of files which have read
permission by the real user id. This is problematic with files which
use %pK because the file access permission is checked at open() time,
but the kptr_restrict setting is checked at read() time. If a setuid
binary opens a %pK file as an unprivileged user, and then elevates
permissions before reading the file, then kernel pointer values may be
leaked.
This happens for example with the setuid pppd application on Ubuntu 12.04:
$ head -1 /proc/kallsyms
00000000 T startup_32
$ pppd file /proc/kallsyms
pppd: In file /proc/kallsyms: unrecognized option 'c1000000'
This will only leak the pointer value from the first line, but other
setuid binaries may leak more information.
Fix this by adding a check that in addition to the current process having
CAP_SYSLOG, that effective user and group ids are equal to the real ids.
If a setuid binary reads the contents of a file which uses %pK then the
pointer values will be printed as NULL if the real user is unprivileged.
Update the sysctl documentation to reflect the changes, and also correct
the documentation to state the kptr_restrict=0 is the default.
This is a only temporary solution to the issue. The correct solution is
to do the permission check at open() time on files, and to replace %pK
with a function which checks the open() time permission. %pK uses in
printk should be removed since no sane permission check can be done, and
instead protected by using dmesg_restrict.
Signed-off-by: Ryan Mallon <rmallon@gmail.com>
Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Cc: Alexander Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
It has been reported on very large machines that show_mem is taking almost
5 minutes to display information. This is a serious problem if there is
an OOM storm. The bulk of the cost is in show_mem doing a very expensive
PFN walk to give us the following information
Total RAM: Also available as totalram_pages
Highmem pages: Also available as totalhigh_pages
Reserved pages: Can be inferred from the zone structure
Shared pages: PFN walk required
Unshared pages: PFN walk required
Quick pages: Per-cpu walk required
Only the shared/unshared pages requires a full PFN walk but that
information is useless. It is also inaccurate as page pins of unshared
pages would be accounted for as shared. Even if the information was
accurate, I'm struggling to think how the shared/unshared information
could be useful for debugging OOM conditions. Maybe it was useful before
rmap existed when reclaiming shared pages was costly but it is less
relevant today.
The PFN walk could be optimised a bit but why bother as the information is
useless. This patch deletes the PFN walker and infers the total RAM,
highmem and reserved pages count from struct zone. It omits the
shared/unshared page usage on the grounds that it is useless. It also
corrects the reporting of HighMem as HighMem/MovableOnly as ZONE_MOVABLE
has similar problems to HighMem with respect to lowmem/highmem exhaustion.
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Acked-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
We generated a battery of 100 test cases from GSL taus113 implemention
and compare the results from a particular seed and a particular
iteration with our implementation in the kernel. We have verified on
32 and 64 bit machines that our taus113 kernel implementation gives
same results as GSL taus113 implementation:
[ 0.147370] prandom: seed boundary self test passed
[ 0.148078] prandom: 100 self tests passed
This is a Kconfig option that is disabled on default, just like the
crc32 init selftests in order to not unnecessary slow down boot process.
We also refactored out prandom_seed_very_weak() as it's now used in
multiple places in order to reduce redundant code.
GSL code we used for generating test cases:
int i, j;
srand(time(NULL));
for (i = 0; i < 100; ++i) {
int iteration = 500 + (rand() % 500);
gsl_rng_default_seed = rand() + 1;
gsl_rng *r = gsl_rng_alloc(gsl_rng_taus113);
printf("\t{ %lu, ", gsl_rng_default_seed);
for (j = 0; j < iteration - 1; ++j)
gsl_rng_get(r);
printf("%u, %lu },\n", iteration, gsl_rng_get(r));
gsl_rng_free(r);
}
Joint work with Hannes Frederic Sowa.
Cc: Florian Weimer <fweimer@redhat.com>
Cc: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <dborkman@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Hannes Frederic Sowa <hannes@stressinduktion.org>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Since we use prandom*() functions quite often in networking code
i.e. in UDP port selection, netfilter code, etc, upgrade the PRNG
from Pierre L'Ecuyer's original paper "Maximally Equidistributed
Combined Tausworthe Generators", Mathematics of Computation, 65,
213 (1996), 203--213 to the version published in his errata paper [1].
The Tausworthe generator is a maximally-equidistributed generator,
that is fast and has good statistical properties [1].
The version presented there upgrades the 3 state LFSR to a 4 state
LFSR with increased periodicity from about 2^88 to 2^113. The
algorithm is presented in [1] by the very same author who also
designed the original algorithm in [2].
Also, by increasing the state, we make it a bit harder for attackers
to "guess" the PRNGs internal state. See also discussion in [3].
Now, as we use this sort of weak initialization discussed in [3]
only between core_initcall() until late_initcall() time [*] for
prandom32*() users, namely in prandom_init(), it is less relevant
from late_initcall() onwards as we overwrite seeds through
prandom_reseed() anyways with a seed source of higher entropy, that
is, get_random_bytes(). In other words, a exhaustive keysearch of
96 bit would be needed. Now, with the help of this patch, this
state-search increases further to 128 bit. Initialization needs
to make sure that s1 > 1, s2 > 7, s3 > 15, s4 > 127.
taus88 and taus113 algorithm is also part of GSL. I added a test
case in the next patch to verify internal behaviour of this patch
with GSL and ran tests with the dieharder 3.31.1 RNG test suite:
$ dieharder -g 052 -a -m 10 -s 1 -S 4137730333 #taus88
$ dieharder -g 054 -a -m 10 -s 1 -S 4137730333 #taus113
With this seed configuration, in order to compare both, we get
the following differences:
algorithm taus88 taus113
rands/second [**] 1.61e+08 1.37e+08
sts_serial(4, 1st run) WEAK PASSED
sts_serial(9, 2nd run) WEAK PASSED
rgb_lagged_sum(31) WEAK PASSED
We took out diehard_sums test as according to the authors it is
considered broken and unusable [4]. Despite that and the slight
decrease in performance (which is acceptable), taus113 here passes
all 113 tests (only rgb_minimum_distance_5 in WEAK, the rest PASSED).
In general, taus/taus113 is considered "very good" by the authors
of dieharder [5].
The papers [1][2] states a single warm-up step is sufficient by
running quicktaus once on each state to ensure proper initialization
of ~s_{0}:
Our selection of (s) according to Table 1 of [1] row 1 holds the
condition L - k <= r - s, that is,
(32 32 32 32) - (31 29 28 25) <= (25 27 15 22) - (18 2 7 13)
with r = k - q and q = (6 2 13 3) as also stated by the paper.
So according to [2] we are safe with one round of quicktaus for
initialization. However we decided to include the warm-up phase
of the PRNG as done in GSL in every case as a safety net. We also
use the warm up phase to make the output of the RNG easier to
verify by the GSL output.
In prandom_init(), we also mix random_get_entropy() into it, just
like drivers/char/random.c does it, jiffies ^ random_get_entropy().
random-get_entropy() is get_cycles(). xor is entropy preserving so
it is fine if it is not implemented by some architectures.
Note, this PRNG is *not* used for cryptography in the kernel, but
rather as a fast PRNG for various randomizations i.e. in the
networking code, or elsewhere for debugging purposes, for example.
[*]: In order to generate some "sort of pseduo-randomness", since
get_random_bytes() is not yet available for us, we use jiffies and
initialize states s1 - s3 with a simple linear congruential generator
(LCG), that is x <- x * 69069; and derive s2, s3, from the 32bit
initialization from s1. So the above quote from [3] accounts only
for the time from core to late initcall, not afterwards.
[**] Single threaded run on MacBook Air w/ Intel Core i5-3317U
[1] http://www.iro.umontreal.ca/~lecuyer/myftp/papers/tausme2.ps
[2] http://www.iro.umontreal.ca/~lecuyer/myftp/papers/tausme.ps
[3] http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.comp.encryption.general/12103/
[4] http://code.google.com/p/dieharder/source/browse/trunk/libdieharder/diehard_sums.c?spec=svn490&r=490#20
[5] http://www.phy.duke.edu/~rgb/General/dieharder.php
Joint work with Hannes Frederic Sowa.
Cc: Florian Weimer <fweimer@redhat.com>
Cc: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <dborkman@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Hannes Frederic Sowa <hannes@stressinduktion.org>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
The Tausworthe PRNG is initialized at late_initcall time. At that time the
entropy pool serving get_random_bytes is not filled sufficiently. This
patch adds an additional reseeding step as soon as the nonblocking pool
gets marked as initialized.
On some machines it might be possible that late_initcall gets called after
the pool has been initialized. In this situation we won't reseed again.
(A call to prandom_seed_late blocks later invocations of early reseed
attempts.)
Joint work with Daniel Borkmann.
Cc: Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com>
Cc: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Signed-off-by: Hannes Frederic Sowa <hannes@stressinduktion.org>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <dborkman@redhat.com>
Acked-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
The current Tausworthe PRNG is never reseeded with truly random data after
the first attempt in late_initcall. As this PRNG is used for some critical
random data as e.g. UDP port randomization we should try better and reseed
the PRNG once in a while with truly random data from get_random_bytes().
When we reseed with prandom_seed we now make also sure to throw the first
output away. This suffices the reseeding procedure.
The delay calculation is based on a proposal from Eric Dumazet.
Joint work with Daniel Borkmann.
Cc: Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com>
Cc: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Signed-off-by: Hannes Frederic Sowa <hannes@stressinduktion.org>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <dborkman@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
For properly initialising the Tausworthe generator [1], we have
a strict seeding requirement, that is, s1 > 1, s2 > 7, s3 > 15.
Commit 697f8d0348 ("random32: seeding improvement") introduced
a __seed() function that imposes boundary checks proposed by the
errata paper [2] to properly ensure above conditions.
However, we're off by one, as the function is implemented as:
"return (x < m) ? x + m : x;", and called with __seed(X, 1),
__seed(X, 7), __seed(X, 15). Thus, an unwanted seed of 1, 7, 15
would be possible, whereas the lower boundary should actually
be of at least 2, 8, 16, just as GSL does. Fix this, as otherwise
an initialization with an unwanted seed could have the effect
that Tausworthe's PRNG properties cannot not be ensured.
Note that this PRNG is *not* used for cryptography in the kernel.
[1] http://www.iro.umontreal.ca/~lecuyer/myftp/papers/tausme.ps
[2] http://www.iro.umontreal.ca/~lecuyer/myftp/papers/tausme2.ps
Joint work with Hannes Frederic Sowa.
Fixes: 697f8d0348 ("random32: seeding improvement")
Cc: Stephen Hemminger <stephen@networkplumber.org>
Cc: Florian Weimer <fweimer@redhat.com>
Cc: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <dborkman@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Hannes Frederic Sowa <hannes@stressinduktion.org>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
This reverts commit cb26a31157.
It mysteriously causes NetworkManager to not find the wireless device
for me. As far as I can tell, Tejun *meant* for this commit to not make
any semantic changes, but there clearly are some. So revert it, taking
into account some of the calling convention changes that happened in
this area in subsequent commits.
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
We can safely reduce the number of test cases by a tenth.
There is no particular need to run as many as we're running
now for crc32{,c}_combine, that gives us still ~8000 tests
we're doing if people run kernels with crc selftests enabled
which is perfectly fine.
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <dborkman@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Fengguang reports that when crc32 selftests are running on startup, on
some e.g. 32bit systems, we can get a CPU stall like "INFO: rcu_sched
self-detected stall on CPU { 0} (t=2101 jiffies g=4294967081 c=4294967080
q=41)". As this is not intended, add a cond_resched() at the end of a
test case to fix it. Introduced by efba721f63 ("lib: crc32: add test cases
for crc32{, c}_combine routines").
Reported-by: Fengguang Wu <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <dborkman@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
We already have 100 test cases for crcs itself, so split the test
buffer with a-prio known checksums, and test crc of two blocks
against crc of the whole block for the same results.
Output/result with CONFIG_CRC32_SELFTEST=y:
[ 2.687095] crc32: CRC_LE_BITS = 64, CRC_BE BITS = 64
[ 2.687097] crc32: self tests passed, processed 225944 bytes in 278177 nsec
[ 2.687383] crc32c: CRC_LE_BITS = 64
[ 2.687385] crc32c: self tests passed, processed 225944 bytes in 141708 nsec
[ 7.336771] crc32_combine: 113072 self tests passed
[ 12.050479] crc32c_combine: 113072 self tests passed
[ 17.633089] alg: No test for crc32 (crc32-pclmul)
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <dborkman@redhat.com>
Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
This patch adds a combinator to merge two or more crc32{,c}s
into a new one. This is useful for checksum computations of
fragmented skbs that use crc32/crc32c as checksums.
The arithmetics for combining both in the GF(2) was taken and
slightly modified from zlib. Only passing two crcs is insufficient
as two crcs and the length of the second piece is needed for
merging. The code is made generic, so that only polynomials
need to be passed for crc32_le resp. crc32c_le.
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <dborkman@redhat.com>
Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
This is nothing more but a whitepace cleanup, as 80 chars is not a
hard but soft limit, and otherwise makes the test cases array really
look ugly. So fix it up.
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <dborkman@redhat.com>
Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Commit b1adaf65ba ("[SCSI] block: add sg buffer copy helper
functions") introduces two sg buffer copy helpers, and calls
flush_kernel_dcache_page() on pages in SG list after these pages are
written to.
Unfortunately, the commit may introduce a potential bug:
- Before sending some SCSI commands, kmalloc() buffer may be passed to
block layper, so flush_kernel_dcache_page() can see a slab page
finally
- According to cachetlb.txt, flush_kernel_dcache_page() is only called
on "a user page", which surely can't be a slab page.
- ARCH's implementation of flush_kernel_dcache_page() may use page
mapping information to do optimization so page_mapping() will see the
slab page, then VM_BUG_ON() is triggered.
Aaro Koskinen reported the bug on ARM/kirkwood when DEBUG_VM is enabled,
and this patch fixes the bug by adding test of '!PageSlab(miter->page)'
before calling flush_kernel_dcache_page().
Signed-off-by: Ming Lei <ming.lei@canonical.com>
Reported-by: Aaro Koskinen <aaro.koskinen@iki.fi>
Tested-by: Simon Baatz <gmbnomis@gmail.com>
Cc: Russell King - ARM Linux <linux@arm.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
Cc: Aaro Koskinen <aaro.koskinen@iki.fi>
Acked-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Cc: FUJITA Tomonori <fujita.tomonori@lab.ntt.co.jp>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: "James E.J. Bottomley" <JBottomley@parallels.com>
Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> [3.2+]
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Without the timer debugging, the delayed kobject release will just
result in undebuggable oopses if it triggers any latent bugs. That
doesn't actually help debugging at all.
So make DEBUG_KOBJECT_RELEASE depend on DEBUG_OBJECTS_TIMERS to avoid
having people enable one without the other.
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Export the interface to be used within modules.
Signed-off-by: Matias Bjorling <m@bjorling.me>
Acked-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Turn the initial value of sysctl kernel.sysrq (SYSRQ_DEFAULT_ENABLE)
into a Kconfig variable.
Original version by Bastian Blank <waldi@debian.org>.
Signed-off-by: Ben Hutchings <ben@decadent.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Currently glocks have an atomic reference count and also a spinlock
which covers various internal fields, such as the state. This intent of
this patch is to replace the spinlock and the atomic reference count
with a lockref structure. This contains a spinlock which we can continue
to use as before, and a reference counter which is used in conjuction
with the spinlock to replace the previous atomic counter.
As a result of this there are some new rules for reference counting on
glocks. We need to distinguish between reference count changes under
gl_spin (which are now just increment or decrement of the new counter,
provided the count cannot hit zero) and those which are outside of
gl_spin, but which now take gl_spin internally.
The conversion is relatively straight forward. There is probably some
further clean up which can be done, but the priority at this stage is to
make the change in as simple a manner as possible.
A consequence of this change is that the reference count is being
decoupled from the lru list processing. This should allow future
adoption of the lru_list code with glocks in due course.
The reason for using the "dead" state and not just relying on 0 being
the "invalid state" is so that in due course 0 ref counts can be
allowable. The intent is to eventually be able to remove the ref count
changes which are currently hidden away in state_change().
Signed-off-by: Steven Whitehouse <swhiteho@redhat.com>
Useful for locating buggy drivers on kernel oops.
It may add dozens of new lines to boot dmesg. DEBUG_KOBJECT_RELEASE is
hopefully only enabled in debug kernels (like maybe the Fedora rawhide
one, or at developers), so being a bit more verbose is likely ok.
Signed-off-by: Fengguang Wu <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Acked-by: Russell King <rmk+kernel@arm.linux.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Useful for locating buggy drivers on kernel oops.
It may add dozens of new lines to boot dmesg. DEBUG_KOBJECT_RELEASE is
hopefully only enabled in debug kernels (like maybe the Fedora rawhide
one, or at developers), so being a bit more verbose is likely ok.
Acked-by: Russell King <rmk+kernel@arm.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Fengguang Wu <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
sysfs currently has a rather weird behavior regarding removals. A
directory removal would delete all files directly under it but
wouldn't recurse into subdirectories, which, while a bit inconsistent,
seems to make sense at the first glance as each directory is
supposedly associated with a kobject and each kobject can take care of
the directory deletion; however, this doesn't really hold as we have
groups which can be directories without a kobject associated with it
and require explicit deletions.
We're in the process of separating out sysfs from kboject / driver
core and want a consistent behavior. A removal should delete either
only the specified node or everything under it. I think it is helpful
to support recursive atomic removal and later patches will implement
it.
Such change means that a sysfs_dirent associated with kobject may be
deleted before the kobject itself is removed if one of its ancestor
gets removed before it. As sysfs_remove_dir() puts the base ref, we
may end up with dangling pointer on descendants. This can be solved
by holding an extra reference on the sd from kobject.
Acquire an extra reference on the associated sysfs_dirent on directory
creation and put it after removal.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Make use of arch_mutex_cpu_relax() so architectures can override the
default cpu_relax() semantics.
This is especially useful for s390, where cpu_relax() means that we
yield() the current (virtual) cpu and therefore is very expensive,
and would contradict the whole purpose of the lockless cmpxchg loop.
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
In kobj_ns_current_may_mount the default should be to allow the mount.
The test is only for a single kobj_ns_type at a time, and unless there
is a reason to prevent it the mounting sysfs should be allowed.
Subsystems that are not registered can't have are not involved so can't
have a reason to prevent mounting sysfs.
This is a bug-fix to commit 7dc5dbc879 ("sysfs: Restrict mounting
sysfs") that came in via the userns tree during the 3.12 merge window.
Reported-and-tested-by: James Hogan <james.hogan@imgtec.com>
Signed-off-by: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The 64-bit cmpxchg operation on the lockref is ordered by virtue of
hazarding between the cmpxchg operation and the reference count
manipulation. On weakly ordered memory architectures (such as ARM), it
can be of great benefit to omit the barrier instructions where they are
not needed.
This patch moves the lockless lockref code over to a cmpxchg64_relaxed
operation, which doesn't provide barrier semantics. If the operation
isn't defined, we simply #define it as the usual 64-bit cmpxchg macro.
Cc: Waiman Long <Waiman.Long@hp.com>
Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
A common way to handle kobject lifetimes in embedded in objects with
different lifetime rules is to pair the kobject with a struct completion.
This introduces a kobj_completion structure that can be used in place
of the pairing, along with several convenience functions for
initialization, release, and put-and-wait.
Signed-off-by: Jeff Mahoney <jeffm@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
The way namespace tags are implemented in sysfs is more complicated
than necessary. As each tag is a pointer value and required to be
non-NULL under a namespace enabled parent, there's no need to record
separately what type each tag is or where namespace is enabled.
If multiple namespace types are needed, which currently aren't, we can
simply compare the tag to a set of allowed tags in the superblock
assuming that the tags, being pointers, won't have the same value
across multiple types. Also, whether to filter by namespace tag or
not can be trivially determined by whether the node has any tagged
children or not.
This patch rips out kobj_ns_type handling from sysfs. sysfs no longer
cares whether specific type of namespace is enabled or not. If a
sysfs_dirent has a non-NULL tag, the parent is marked as needing
namespace filtering and the value is tested against the allowed set of
tags for the superblock (currently only one but increasing this number
isn't difficult) and the sysfs_dirent is ignored if it doesn't match.
This removes most kobject namespace knowledge from sysfs proper which
will enable proper separation and layering of sysfs. The namespace
sanity checks in fs/sysfs/dir.c are replaced by the new sanity check
in kobject_namespace(). As this is the only place ktype->namespace()
is called for sysfs, this doesn't weaken the sanity check
significantly. I omitted converting the sanity check in
sysfs_do_create_link_sd(). While the check can be shifted to upper
layer, mistakes there are well contained and should be easily visible
anyway.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Kay Sievers <kay@vrfy.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
For some unrecognizable reason, namespace information is communicated
to sysfs through ktype->namespace() callback when there's *nothing*
which needs the use of a callback. The whole sequence of operations
is completely synchronous and sysfs operations simply end up calling
back into the layer which just invoked it in order to find out the
namespace information, which is completely backwards, obfuscates
what's going on and unnecessarily tangles two separate layers.
This patch doesn't remove ktype->namespace() but shifts its handling
to kobject layer. We probably want to get rid of the callback in the
long term.
This patch adds an explicit param to sysfs_{create|rename|move}_dir()
and renames them to sysfs_{create|rename|move}_dir_ns(), respectively.
ktype->namespace() invocations are moved to the calling sites of the
above functions. A new helper kboject_namespace() is introduced which
directly tests kobj_ns_type_operations->type which should give the
same result as testing sysfs_fs_type(parent_sd) and returns @kobj's
namespace tag as necessary. kobject_namespace() is extern as it will
be used from another file in the following patches.
This patch should be an equivalent conversion without any functional
difference.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Kay Sievers <kay@vrfy.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
In kobj_ns_current_may_mount the default should be to allow the
mount. The test is only for a single kobj_ns_type at a time, and unless
there is a reason to prevent it the mounting sysfs should be allowed.
Subsystems that are not registered can't have are not involved so can't
have a reason to prevent mounting sysfs.
This is a bug-fix to:
commit 7dc5dbc879
Author: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Date: Mon Mar 25 20:07:01 2013 -0700
sysfs: Restrict mounting sysfs
Don't allow mounting sysfs unless the caller has CAP_SYS_ADMIN rights
over the net namespace. The principle here is if you create or have
capabilities over it you can mount it, otherwise you get to live with
what other people have mounted.
Instead of testing this with a straight forward ns_capable call,
perform this check the long and torturous way with kobject helpers,
this keeps direct knowledge of namespaces out of sysfs, and preserves
the existing sysfs abstractions.
Acked-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Signed-off-by: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
That came in via the userns tree during the 3.12 merge window.
Reported-by: James Hogan <james.hogan@imgtec.com>
Signed-off-by: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Replace the single preempt_count() 'function' that's an lvalue with
two proper functions:
preempt_count() - returns the preempt_count value as rvalue
preempt_count_set() - Allows setting the preempt-count value
Also provide preempt_count_ptr() as a convenience wrapper to implement
all modifying operations.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/n/tip-orxrbycjozopqfhb4dxdkdvb@git.kernel.org
[ Fixed build failure. ]
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
To be able to use the hex ascii functions in case sensitive environments
the array hex_asc_upper[] and the needed functions for hex_byte_pack_upper()
are introduced.
Signed-off-by: Andre Naujoks <nautsch2@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
The cmpxchg() function tends not to support 64-bit arguments on 32-bit
architectures. This could be either due to use of unsigned long
arguments (like on ARM) or lack of instruction support (cmpxchgq on
x86). However, these architectures may implement a specific cmpxchg64()
function to provide 64-bit cmpxchg support instead.
Since the lockref code requires a 64-bit cmpxchg and relies on the
architecture selecting ARCH_USE_CMPXCHG_LOCKREF, move to using cmpxchg64
instead of cmpxchg and allow 32-bit architectures to make use of the
lockless lockref implementation.
Cc: Waiman Long <Waiman.Long@hp.com>
Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
After the last architecture switched to generic hard irqs the config
options HAVE_GENERIC_HARDIRQS & GENERIC_HARDIRQS and the related code
for !CONFIG_GENERIC_HARDIRQS can be removed.
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Unfortunately, even with a softdep some distros fail to include
the necessary modules in the initrd. Therefore this patch adds
a fallback path to restore existing behaviour where we cannot
load the new crypto crct10dif algorithm.
In order to do this, the underlying crct10dif has been split out
from the crypto implementation so that it can be used on the
fallback path.
Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>
LZ4 compression and decompression functions require different in
signedness input/output parameters: unsigned char for compression and
signed char for decompression.
Change decompression API to require "(const) unsigned char *".
Signed-off-by: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
Cc: Kyungsik Lee <kyungsik.lee@lge.com>
Cc: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org>
Cc: Yann Collet <yann.collet.73@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
With users of radix_tree_preload() run from interrupt (block/blk-ioc.c is
one such possible user), the following race can happen:
radix_tree_preload()
...
radix_tree_insert()
radix_tree_node_alloc()
if (rtp->nr) {
ret = rtp->nodes[rtp->nr - 1];
<interrupt>
...
radix_tree_preload()
...
radix_tree_insert()
radix_tree_node_alloc()
if (rtp->nr) {
ret = rtp->nodes[rtp->nr - 1];
And we give out one radix tree node twice. That clearly results in radix
tree corruption with different results (usually OOPS) depending on which
two users of radix tree race.
We fix the problem by making radix_tree_node_alloc() always allocate fresh
radix tree nodes when in interrupt. Using preloading when in interrupt
doesn't make sense since all the allocations have to be atomic anyway and
we cannot steal nodes from process-context users because some users rely
on radix_tree_insert() succeeding after radix_tree_preload().
in_interrupt() check is somewhat ugly but we cannot simply key off passed
gfp_mask as that is acquired from root_gfp_mask() and thus the same for
all preload users.
Another part of the fix is to avoid node preallocation in
radix_tree_preload() when passed gfp_mask doesn't allow waiting. Again,
preallocation in such case doesn't make sense and when preallocation would
happen in interrupt we could possibly leak some allocated nodes. However,
some users of radix_tree_preload() require following radix_tree_insert()
to succeed. To avoid unexpected effects for these users,
radix_tree_preload() only warns if passed gfp mask doesn't allow waiting
and we provide a new function radix_tree_maybe_preload() for those users
which get different gfp mask from different call sites and which are
prepared to handle radix_tree_insert() failure.
Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Jens Axboe <jaxboe@fusionio.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
No reason require rbtree test code to be a module, allow it to be builtin
(streamlines my development process)
Signed-off-by: Cody P Schafer <cody@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Seth Jennings <sjenning@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: David Woodhouse <David.Woodhouse@intel.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Just check that we examine all nodes in the tree for the postorder
iteration.
Signed-off-by: Cody P Schafer <cody@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Seth Jennings <sjenning@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: David Woodhouse <David.Woodhouse@intel.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Postorder iteration yields all of a node's children prior to yielding the
node itself, and this particular implementation also avoids examining the
leaf links in a node after that node has been yielded.
In what I expect will be its most common usage, postorder iteration allows
the deletion of every node in an rbtree without modifying the rbtree nodes
(no _requirement_ that they be nulled) while avoiding referencing child
nodes after they have been "deleted" (most commonly, freed).
I have only updated zswap to use this functionality at this point, but
numerous bits of code (most notably in the filesystem drivers) use a hand
rolled postorder iteration that NULLs child links as it traverses the
tree. Each of those instances could be replaced with this common
implementation.
1 & 2 add rbtree postorder iteration functions.
3 adds testing of the iteration to the rbtree runtime tests
4 allows building the rbtree runtime tests as builtins
5 updates zswap.
This patch:
Add postorder iteration functions for rbtree. These are useful for safely
freeing an entire rbtree without modifying the tree at all.
Signed-off-by: Cody P Schafer <cody@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Seth Jennings <sjenning@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: David Woodhouse <David.Woodhouse@intel.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
When decompressing into memory, the output buffer length is set to some
arbitrarily high value (0x7fffffff) to indicate the output is, virtually,
unlimited in size.
The problem with this is that some platforms have their physical memory at
high physical addresses (0x80000000 or more), and that the output buffer
address and its "unlimited" length cannot be added without overflowing.
An example of this can be found in inflate_fast():
/* next_out is the output buffer address */
out = strm->next_out - OFF;
/* avail_out is the output buffer size. end will overflow if the output
* address is >= 0x80000104 */
end = out + (strm->avail_out - 257);
This has huge consequences on the performance of kernel decompression,
since the following exit condition of inflate_fast() will be always true:
} while (in < last && out < end);
Indeed, "end" has overflowed and is now always lower than "out". As a
result, inflate_fast() will return after processing one single byte of
input data, and will thus need to be called an unreasonably high number of
times. This probably went unnoticed because kernel decompression is fast
enough even with this issue.
Nonetheless, adjusting the output buffer length in such a way that the
above pointer arithmetic never overflows results in a kernel decompression
that is about 3 times faster on affected machines.
Signed-off-by: Alexandre Courbot <acourbot@nvidia.com>
Tested-by: Jon Medhurst <tixy@linaro.org>
Cc: Stephen Warren <swarren@wwwdotorg.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The documentation mentions a "name" parameter, which does not exist. This
commit removes such mention from the function documentation.
Signed-off-by: Emilio López <emilio@elopez.com.ar>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Use the helper function instead of __GFP_ZERO.
Signed-off-by: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
In struct gen_pool_chunk, end_addr means the end address of memory chunk
(inclusive), but in the implementation it is treated as address + size of
memory chunk (exclusive), so it points to the address plus one instead of
correct ending address.
The ending address of memory chunk plus one will cause overflow on the
memory chunk including the last address of memory map, e.g. when starting
address is 0xFFF00000 and size is 0x100000 on 32bit machine, ending
address will be 0x100000000.
Use correct ending address like starting address + size - 1.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: add comment to struct gen_pool_chunk:end_addr]
Signed-off-by: Joonyoung Shim <jy0922.shim@samsung.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Daniel Borkmann