The dev_attrs field of struct class is going away soon, dev_groups
should be used instead. This converts the devfreq_class code to use the
correct field.
Cc: MyungJoo Ham <myungjoo.ham@samsung.com>
Cc: Kyungmin Park <kyungmin.park@samsung.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Calling dev_set_name with a single paramter causes it to be handled as a
format string. Many callers are passing potentially dynamic string
content, so use "%s" in those cases to avoid any potential accidents,
including wrappers like device_create*() and bdi_register().
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Dependencies on CPU_EXYNOS4212 and CPU_EXYNOS4412 for the "ARM
Exynos4210/4212/4412 Memory Bus DEVFREQ Driver" were added in commit
7b40503811 ("PM/Devfreq: Add Exynos4-bus
device DVFS driver for Exynos4210/4212/4412."). The tree (at that time,
v3.3, and currently) makes clear that this should have been dependencies
on SOC_EXYNOS4212 and SOC_EXYNOS4412.
Signed-off-by: Paul Bolle <pebolle@tiscali.nl>
Add the missing unlock before return from function
exynos4_busfreq_pm_notifier_event() in the error
handling case.
This issue introduced by commit 8fa938
(PM / devfreq: exynos4_bus: honor RCU lock usage)
Signed-off-by: Wei Yongjun <yongjun_wei@trendmicro.com.cn>
[Resolved path conflicts by MyungJoo Ham]
Signed-off-by: MyungJoo Ham <myungjoo.ham@samsung.com>
devfreq stats is not taking device suspend and resume into
account. Fix it.
Signed-off-by: Rajagopal Venkat <rajagopal.venkat@linaro.org>
Acked-by: MyungJoo Ham <myungjoo.ham@samsung.com>
Exynos5-bus device devfreq driver monitors PPMU counters and
adjusts operating frequencies and voltages with OPP. ASV should
be used to provide appropriate voltages as per the speed group
of the SoC rather than using a constant 1.025V.
Signed-off-by: Abhilash Kesavan <a.kesavan@samsung.com>
[myungjoo.ham@samsung.com: minor style update]
Signed-off-by: MyungJoo Ham <myungjoo.ham@samsung.com>
Cc: Jonghwan Choi <jhbird.choi@samsung.com>
Cc: Kukjin Kim <kgene.kim@samsung.com>
In anticipation of the new exynos5 devfreq and ppmu driver, create
an exynos sub-directory. Move the existing exynos4 devfreq driver
into the same.
Signed-off-by: Abhilash Kesavan <a.kesavan@samsung.com>
Acked-by: MyungJoo Ham <myungjoo.ham@samsung.com>
Cc: Jonghwan Choi <jhbird.choi@samsung.com>
Cc: Kukjin Kim <kgene.kim@samsung.com>
OPP pointers cannot be expected to be valid beyond the boundary
of rcu_read_lock and rcu_read_unlock. Unfortunately, the current
exynos4 busfreq driver does not honor the usage constraint and stores
the OPP pointer in struct busfreq_data. This could potentially
become invalid later such as: across devfreq opp change decisions,
resulting in unpredictable behavior.
To fix this, we introduce a busfreq specific busfreq_opp_info
structure which is used to handle OPP information. OPP information
is de-referenced to voltage and frequency pairs as needed into
busfreq_opp_info structure and used as needed.
Signed-off-by: Nishanth Menon <nm@ti.com>
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
OPP pointers are protected by RCU locks, the pointer validity is
permissible only under the section of rcu_read_lock to rcu_read_unlock
Add documentation to the effect.
Signed-off-by: Nishanth Menon <nm@ti.com>
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
CONFIG_HOTPLUG is going away as an option. As a result, the __dev*
markings need to be removed.
This change removes the use of __devinit, __devexit_p, __devinitdata,
__devinitconst, and __devexit from these drivers.
Based on patches originally written by Bill Pemberton, but redone by me
in order to handle some of the coding style issues better, by hand.
Cc: Bill Pemberton <wfp5p@virginia.edu>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Governors compiled as modules may use these functions.
Signed-off-by: MyungJoo Ham <myungjoo.ham@samsung.com>
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
Use the value obtained from the function instead of -EINVAL.
Signed-off-by: Sachin Kamat <sachin.kamat@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: MyungJoo Ham <myungjoo.ham@samsung.com>
'g' is cast to the error return code. Hence gives the following error
which is fixed by this patch.
drivers/devfreq/devfreq.c:645 devfreq_remove_governor() error:
'g' dereferencing possible ERR_PTR()
Signed-off-by: Sachin Kamat <sachin.kamat@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: MyungJoo Ham <myungjoo.ham@samsung.com>
opp_get_notifier() uses find_device_opp(), which requires to
held rcu_read_lock. In order to keep the notifier-header
valid, we have added rcu_read_lock().
Reported-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Signed-off-by: MyungJoo Ham <myungjoo.ham@samsung.com>
I fixed the following check item (via checkpatch.pl --strict option):
CHECK: Alignment should match open parenthesis
Signed-off-by: Sangho Yi <antiroot@gmail.com>
[Merge conflict resolved]
Signed-off-by: MyungJoo Ham <myungjoo.ham@samsung.com>
Now that governor list can be variable, knowing the available governors
is useful to be able to select a governor using relevant sysfs node.
Cc: Rajagopal Venkat <rajagopal.venkat@linaro.org>
Cc: MyungJoo Ham <myungjoo.ham@samsung.com>
Cc: Kyungmin Park <kyungmin.park@samsung.com>
Cc: "Rafael J. Wysocki" <rjw@sisk.pl>
Cc: Kevin Hilman <khilman@ti.com>
Cc: linux-pm@vger.kernel.org
Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Nishanth Menon <nm@ti.com>
Signed-off-by: MyungJoo Ham <myungjoo.ham@samsung.com>
This allows us to select governor runtime from the
default configuration without having to rebuild kernel
or the devfreq driver using the sysfs node:
/sys/class/devfreq/.../governor
cat of the governor will return valid governor
and an echo 'governor_name'>governor will switch
governor
Cc: Rajagopal Venkat <rajagopal.venkat@linaro.org>
Cc: MyungJoo Ham <myungjoo.ham@samsung.com>
Cc: Kyungmin Park <kyungmin.park@samsung.com>
Cc: "Rafael J. Wysocki" <rjw@sisk.pl>
Cc: Kevin Hilman <khilman@ti.com>
Cc: linux-pm@vger.kernel.org
Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Nishanth Menon <nm@ti.com>
Acked-by: MyungJoo Ham <myungjoo.ham@samsung.com>
Signed-off-by: MyungJoo Ham <myungjoo.ham@samsung.com>
Add GPL module license and remove the static build
restrictions for building governors. This allows governors now
to be loaded on a need basis and reloaded independently of kernel
build
Cc: Rajagopal Venkat <rajagopal.venkat@linaro.org>
Cc: MyungJoo Ham <myungjoo.ham@samsung.com>
Cc: Kyungmin Park <kyungmin.park@samsung.com>
Cc: "Rafael J. Wysocki" <rjw@sisk.pl>
Cc: Kevin Hilman <khilman@ti.com>
Cc: linux-pm@vger.kernel.org
Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Nishanth Menon <nm@ti.com>
Acked-by: MyungJoo Ham <myungjoo.ham@samsung.com>
Signed-off-by: MyungJoo Ham <myungjoo.ham@samsung.com>
Allow devfreq drivers to register a preferred governor name
and when the devfreq governor loads itself at a later point
required drivers are managed appropriately, at the time of
unload of a devfreq governor, stop managing those drivers
as well.
Since the governor structures do not need to be exposed
anymore, remove the definitions and make them static
NOTE: devfreq_list_lock is now used to protect governor
start and stop - as this allows us to protect governors and
devfreq with the proper dependencies as needed.
As part of this change, change the registration of exynos
bus driver to request for ondemand using the governor name.
Cc: Rajagopal Venkat <rajagopal.venkat@linaro.org>
Cc: MyungJoo Ham <myungjoo.ham@samsung.com>
Cc: Kyungmin Park <kyungmin.park@samsung.com>
Cc: "Rafael J. Wysocki" <rjw@sisk.pl>
Cc: Kevin Hilman <khilman@ti.com>
Cc: linux-pm@vger.kernel.org
Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Nishanth Menon <nm@ti.com>
[Merge conflict resolved by MyungJoo Ham]
Signed-off-by: MyungJoo Ham <myungjoo.ham@samsung.com>
With the new registration functions, governors can be now
registered with devfreq framework.
NOTE: generates 'discards qualifiers from pointer target type'
build warnings, which the next patche in this series fixes
Cc: Rajagopal Venkat <rajagopal.venkat@linaro.org>
Cc: MyungJoo Ham <myungjoo.ham@samsung.com>
Cc: Kyungmin Park <kyungmin.park@samsung.com>
Cc: "Rafael J. Wysocki" <rjw@sisk.pl>
Cc: Kevin Hilman <khilman@ti.com>
Cc: linux-pm@vger.kernel.org
Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Nishanth Menon <nm@ti.com>
Acked-by: MyungJoo Ham <myungjoo.ham@samsung.com>
Signed-off-by: MyungJoo Ham <myungjoo.ham@samsung.com>
Add devfreq_add_governor and devfreq_remove_governor which
can be invoked by governors to register with devfreq.
This sets up the stage to dynamically switch governors and
allow governors to be dynamically loaded as well.
Cc: Rajagopal Venkat <rajagopal.venkat@linaro.org>
Cc: MyungJoo Ham <myungjoo.ham@samsung.com>
Cc: Kyungmin Park <kyungmin.park@samsung.com>
Cc: "Rafael J. Wysocki" <rjw@sisk.pl>
Cc: Kevin Hilman <khilman@ti.com>
Cc: linux-pm@vger.kernel.org
Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Nishanth Menon <nm@ti.com>
Acked-by: MyungJoo Ham <myungjoo.ham@samsung.com>
Allow update_devfreq to be used by devfreq governor built
as modules
Cc: Rajagopal Venkat <rajagopal.venkat@linaro.org>
Cc: MyungJoo Ham <myungjoo.ham@samsung.com>
Cc: Kyungmin Park <kyungmin.park@samsung.com>
Cc: "Rafael J. Wysocki" <rjw@sisk.pl>
Cc: Kevin Hilman <khilman@ti.com>
Cc: linux-pm@vger.kernel.org
Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Nishanth Menon <nm@ti.com>
Acked-by: MyungJoo Ham <myungjoo.ham@samsung.com>
Signed-off-by: MyungJoo Ham <myungjoo.ham@samsung.com>
This patch adds sysfs node which can be used to get information of frequency
transition. It represents transition table which contains total number of transition of
each freqeuncy state and time spent. It is inspired CPUFREQ's status driver.
Signed-off-by: Jonghwa Lee <jonghwa3.lee@samsung.com>
[Added Documentation/ABI entry, updated kernel-doc, and resolved merge conflict]
Signed-off-by: MyungJoo Ham <myungjoo.ham@samsung.com>
devfreq governors such as ondemand are controlled by a min and
max frequency, while governors like userspace governor allow us
to set a specific frequency.
However, for the same specific device, depending on the SoC, the
available frequencies can vary.
So expose the available frequencies as a snapshot over sysfs to
allow informed decisions.
This was inspired by cpufreq framework's equivalent for similar
usage sysfs node: scaling_available_frequencies.
Cc: Rajagopal Venkat <rajagopal.venkat@linaro.org>
Cc: MyungJoo Ham <myungjoo.ham@samsung.com>
Cc: Kyungmin Park <kyungmin.park@samsung.com>
Cc: "Rafael J. Wysocki" <rjw@sisk.pl>
Cc: Kevin Hilman <khilman@ti.com>
Cc: linux-pm@vger.kernel.org
Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Nishanth Menon <nm@ti.com>
Signed-off-by: MyungJoo Ham <myungjoo.ham@samsung.com>
devm_* functions are device managed functions and make cleanup code
simpler and smaller.
devm_kzalloc and devm_regulator_get functions are used.
Signed-off-by: Sachin Kamat <sachin.kamat@linaro.org>
[renamed the patch title by MyungJoo Ham]
Signed-off-by: MyungJoo Ham <myungjoo.ham@samsung.com>
Currently the opp_find* functions return -ENODEV when:
a) it cant find a device (e.g. request for an OPP search on device
which was not registered)
b) When it cant find a match for the search strategy used
This makes life a little in-efficient for users such as devfreq
to make reasonable judgement before switching search strategies.
So, standardize the return results as following:
-EINVAL for bad pointer parameters
-ENODEV when device cannot be found
-ERANGE when search fails
This has the following benefit for devfreq implementation:
The search fails when an unregistered device pointer is provided.
This is a trigger to change the search direction and search for
a better fit, however, if we cannot differentiate between a valid
search range failure Vs an unregistered device, second search goes
through the same fail return condition. This can be avoided by
appropriate handling of error return code.
With this change, we also fix devfreq for the improved search
strategy with updated error code.
Signed-off-by: Nishanth Menon <nm@ti.com>
Reviewed-by: Kevin Hilman <khilman@ti.com>
Acked-by: MyungJoo Ham <myungjoo.ham@samsung.com>
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
devfreq_class is used internally by devfreq and has no
need to be globally available.
This also fixes the following sparse warning:
drivers/devfreq/devfreq.c:30:14: warning: symbol 'devfreq_class' was not declared. Should it be static?
Signed-off-by: Nishanth Menon <nm@ti.com>
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
sscanf returns 0 when an invalid parameter like:
echo -n "a">min_freq
is attempted. Returning back the return result(0) will
cause the command not to return back to command
prompt.
Instead, just return -EINVAL when sscanf does not
return 1.
This is done for min_freq, max_freq and polling_interval
Signed-off-by: Nishanth Menon <nm@ti.com>
Acked-by: MyungJoo Ham <myungjoo.ham@samsung.com>
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
Parameter documentation needs a ':' for scripts/kernel-doc
to parse properly.
Minor fixes for ones warned by:
./scripts/kernel-doc -text drivers/devfreq/devfreq.c>/dev/null
Signed-off-by: Nishanth Menon <nm@ti.com>
Acked-by: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@xenotime.net>
Acked-by: MyungJoo Ham <myungjoo.ham@samsung.com>
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
Devfreq returns governor predicted frequency as current frequency
via sysfs interface. But device may not support all frequencies
that governor predicts. So add a callback in device profile to get
current freq from driver. Also add a new sysfs node to expose
governor predicted next target frequency.
Signed-off-by: Rajagopal Venkat <rajagopal.venkat@linaro.org>
Acked-by: MyungJoo Ham <myungjoo.ham@samsung.com>
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
Add devfreq suspend/resume apis for devfreq users. This patch
supports suspend and resume of devfreq load monitoring, required
for devices which can idle.
Signed-off-by: Rajagopal Venkat <rajagopal.venkat@linaro.org>
Acked-by: MyungJoo Ham <myungjoo.ham@samsung.com>
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
Prepare devfreq core framework to support devices which
can idle. When device idleness is detected perhaps through
runtime-pm, need some mechanism to suspend devfreq load
monitoring and resume back when device is online. Present
code continues monitoring unless device is removed from
devfreq core.
This patch introduces following design changes,
- use per device work instead of global work to monitor device
load. This enables suspend/resume of device devfreq and
reduces monitoring code complexity.
- decouple delayed work based load monitoring logic from core
by introducing helpers functions to be used by governors. This
provides flexibility for governors either to use delayed work
based monitoring functions or to implement their own mechanism.
- devfreq core interacts with governors via events to perform
specific actions. These events include start/stop devfreq.
This sets ground for adding suspend/resume events.
The devfreq apis are not modified and are kept intact.
Signed-off-by: Rajagopal Venkat <rajagopal.venkat@linaro.org>
Acked-by: MyungJoo Ham <myungjoo.ham@samsung.com>
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
Initalizers for deferrable delayed_work are confused.
* __DEFERRED_WORK_INITIALIZER()
* DECLARE_DEFERRED_WORK()
* INIT_DELAYED_WORK_DEFERRABLE()
Rename them to
* __DEFERRABLE_WORK_INITIALIZER()
* DECLARE_DEFERRABLE_WORK()
* INIT_DEFERRABLE_WORK()
This patch doesn't cause any functional changes.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Performance and powersave governor's get_target_freq
is not called if driver chooses one of these two governors.
Add init function in governor profile to call update_devfreq
which will call get_target_freq subsequently.
Signed-off-by: Xiaoguang Chen <chenxg@marvell.com>
Acked-by: MyungJoo Ham <myungjoo.ham@samsung.com>
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl>
The semantics of "target frequency" given to devfreq driver from
devfreq framework has always been interpretted as "at least" or GLB
(greatest lower bound). However, the framework might want the
device driver to limit its max frequency (LUB: least upper bound),
especially if it is given by thermal framework (it's too hot).
Thus, the target fuction should have another parameter to express
whether the framework wants GLB or LUB. And, the additional parameter,
"u32 flags", does it.
With the update, devfreq_recommended_opp() is also updated.
Signed-off-by: MyungJoo Ham <myungjoo.ham@samsung.com>
Signed-off-by: Kyungmin Park <kyungmin.park@samsung.com>
Reviewed-by: Mike Turquette <mturquette@ti.com>
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl>
In the commit, "PM / devfreq: update the name of EXYNOS clock register"
ommitted one register.
Signed-off-by: MyungJoo Ham <myungjoo.ham@samsung.com>
Signed-off-by: Kukjin Kim <kgene.kim@samsung.com>
According to replacing the name of EXYNOS clock registers,
this patch updates exynos4_bus.c file where it is used.
Acked-by: MyungJoo Ham <myungjoo.ham@samsung.com>
Cc: Kyungmin Park <kyungmin.park@samsung.com>
Signed-off-by: Kukjin Kim <kgene.kim@samsung.com>
The frequency requested to devfreq device driver from devfreq governors
is restricted by min_freq and max_freq input.
Signed-off-by: MyungJoo Ham <myungjoo.ham@samsung.com>
Signed-off-by: Kyungmin Park <kyungmin.park@samsung.com>
This driver can only be built-in, it does not make sense to add modalias for
it (in addition to being incorrect, the platform modalias needs to be prefixed
with "platform:").
Signed-off-by: Axel Lin <axel.lin@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: MyungJoo Ham <myungjoo.ham@samsung.com>
Exynos4-bus device devfreq driver add DVFS capability for
Exynos4210/4212/4412-Bus (memory). The driver monitors PPMU counters of memory
controllers and adjusts operating frequencies and voltages with OPP.
For Exynos4210, vdd_int is controlled. For exynos4412/4212, vdd_mif and
vdd_int are controlled.
Dependency (CONFIG_EXYNOS_ASV):
Exynos4 ASV driver has been posted in the mailing list; however, it
si not yet upstreamed. Although the current revision of Exynos4 ASV
patch does not contain "CONFIG_EXYNOS_ASV", we have added the symbol
to hide the dependent from compilers for now. As soon as Exynos4 ASV
drivers are merged, the #ifdef statement will be removed or the
name will be changed.
However, enabling ASV is essential in most Exynos4 chips to reduce
the power consumption of Exynos4210 because without ASV, this Devfreq
driver assumes the worst case scenario, which consumes more power.
Signed-off-by: MyungJoo Ham <myungjoo.ham@samsung.com>
Signed-off-by: Kyungmin Park <kyungmin.park@samsung.com>
---
Changes from v1
- Support 4212 and 4412 as well as 4210.
I think this change improves code readability.
Signed-off-by: Axel Lin <axel.lin@gmail.com>
Acked-by: MyungJoo Ham <myungjoo.ham@samsung.com>
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl>
Devfreq does not depend on OPP. The dependency is removed.
Signed-off-by: MyungJoo Ham <myungjoo.ham@samsung.com>
Signed-off-by: Kyungmin Park <kyungmin.park@samsung.com>
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl>
In devfreq_remove_device, calling _remove_devfreq will also free devfreq.
Don't dereference devfreq->governor->no_central_polling after _remove_devfreq.
Signed-off-by: Axel Lin <axel.lin@gmail.com>
Acked-by: MyungJoo Ham <myungjoo.ham@samsung.com>
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl>
Added <linux/module.h> and <linux/stat.h> to avoid a compiler error
because linux/irq.h no longer includes linux/module.h after Linux 3.2.
Signed-off-by: MyungJoo Ham <myungjoo.ham@samsung.com>
Signed-off-by: Kyungmin Park <kyungmin.park@samsung.com>
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl>
Four cpufreq-like governors are provided as examples.
powersave: use the lowest frequency possible. The user (device) should
set the polling_ms as 0 because polling is useless for this governor.
performance: use the highest freqeuncy possible. The user (device)
should set the polling_ms as 0 because polling is useless for this
governor.
userspace: use the user specified frequency stored at
devfreq.user_set_freq. With sysfs support in the following patch, a user
may set the value with the sysfs interface.
simple_ondemand: simplified version of cpufreq's ondemand governor.
When a user updates OPP entries (enable/disable/add), OPP framework
automatically notifies devfreq to update operating frequency
accordingly. Thus, devfreq users (device drivers) do not need to update
devfreq manually with OPP entry updates or set polling_ms for powersave
, performance, userspace, or any other "static" governors.
Note that these are given only as basic examples for governors and any
devices with devfreq may implement their own governors with the drivers
and use them.
Signed-off-by: MyungJoo Ham <myungjoo.ham@samsung.com>
Signed-off-by: Kyungmin Park <kyungmin.park@samsung.com>
Reviewed-by: Mike Turquette <mturquette@ti.com>
Acked-by: Kevin Hilman <khilman@ti.com>
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl>
Device specific sysfs interface /sys/devices/.../power/devfreq_*
- governor R: name of governor
- cur_freq R: current frequency
- polling_interval R: polling interval in ms given with devfreq profile
W: update polling interval.
- central_polling R: 1 if polling is managed by devfreq framework
Signed-off-by: MyungJoo Ham <myungjoo.ham@samsung.com>
Signed-off-by: Kyungmin Park <kyungmin.park@samsung.com>
Reviewed-by: Mike Turquette <mturquette@ti.com>
Acked-by: Kevin Hilman <khilman@ti.com>
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl>
--
Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-devfreq | 44 ++++++++++++++++
drivers/devfreq/devfreq.c | 69 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
2 files changed, 113 insertions(+)
create mode 100644 Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-devfreq
Greg Kroah-Hartman