The fix for deadlock in PM in commit [1ee23fe07ee8: ALSA: usb-audio:
Fix deadlocks at resuming] introduced a new check of in_pm flag.
However, the brainless patch author evaluated it in a wrong way
(logical AND instead of logical OR), thus usb_autopm_get_interface()
is wrongly called at probing, leading to unbalance of runtime PM
refcount.
This patch fixes it by correcting the logic.
Reported-by: Hans Yang <hansy@nvidia.com>
Fixes: 1ee23fe07e ('ALSA: usb-audio: Fix deadlocks at resuming')
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> [v3.15+]
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
Allow the topology code to be compiled out so that users who don't need
topology don't need to havve the code compiled in, saving them some
memory.
Some more configuration could be added to remove some of the hooks into
the core data structures but that is probably best done with some
refactoring to use functions to do the updates of the data structures
rather than ifdefing in the code as we'd need to do at the minute.
Suggested-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Mark Brown <broonie@kernel.org>
Dell laptop causes the white noise by login screen and headphone,
and the fixup function ALC292_FIXUP_DISABLE_AAMIX can eliminate this
noise.
Codec: Realtek ALC3235
Vendor Id: 0x10ec0293
Subsystem Id: 0x102806db
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
BugLink: https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/1484334
Signed-off-by: Woodrow Shen <woodrow.shen@canonical.com>
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
Currently the TLV topology structure is targeted at only supporting the
DB scale data. This patch extends support for the other TLV types so they
can be easily added at a later stage.
TLV structure is moved to common topology control header since it's a
common field for controls and can be processed in a general way.
Users must set a proper access flag for a control since it's used to
decide if the TLV field is valid and if a TLV callback is needed.
Removed the following fields from topology TLV struct:
- size/count: type can decide the size.
- numid: not needed to initialize TLV for kcontrol.
- data: replaced by the type specific struct.
Added TLV structure to generic control header and removed TLV structure
from mixer control.
Signed-off-by: Mengdong Lin <mengdong.lin@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Liam Girdwood <liam.r.girdwood@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Mark Brown <broonie@kernel.org>
Some widgets may need sorting within, So add this support in topology.
Signed-off-by: Subhransu S. Prusty <subhransu.s.prusty@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Mark Brown <broonie@kernel.org>
The fixup ALC292_FIXUP_DISABLE_AAMIX can fix the white noise of
the headphone on this Dell machine.
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Hui Wang <hui.wang@canonical.com>
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
Fireworks uses TSB43CB43(IceLynx-Micro) as its IEC 61883-1/6 interface.
This chip includes ARM7 core, and loads and runs program. The firmware
is stored in on-board memory and loaded every powering-on from it.
Echo Audio ships several versions of firmwares for each model. These
firmwares have each quirk and the quirk changes a sequence of packets.
As long as I investigated, AudioFire2/AudioFire4/AudioFirePre8 have a
quirk to transfer a first packet with 0x02 in its dbc field. This causes
ALSA Fireworks driver to detect discontinuity. In this case, firmware
version 5.7.0, 5.7.3 and 5.8.0 are used.
Payload CIP CIP
quadlets header1 header2
02 00050002 90ffffff <-
42 0005000a 90013000
42 00050012 90014400
42 0005001a 90015800
02 0005001a 90ffffff
42 00050022 90019000
42 0005002a 9001a400
42 00050032 9001b800
02 00050032 90ffffff
42 0005003a 9001d000
42 00050042 9001e400
42 0005004a 9001f800
02 0005004a 90ffffff
(AudioFire2 with firmware version 5.7.)
$ dmesg
snd-fireworks fw1.0: Detect discontinuity of CIP: 00 02
These models, AudioFire8 (since Jul 2009 ) and Gibson Robot Interface
Pack series uses the same ARM binary as their firmware. Thus, this
quirk may be observed among them.
This commit adds a new member for AMDTP structure. This member represents
the value of dbc field in a first AMDTP packet. Drivers can set it with
a preferred value according to model's quirk.
Tested-by: Johannes Oertei <johannes.oertel@uni-due.de>
Signed-off-by: Takashi Sakamoto <o-takashi@sakamocchi.jp>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
This reverts commit 9c6893e0be.
The fix is superseded by the next commit as a better implementation
for supporting AudioFire2/AudioFire4/AudioFirePre8 quirks.
Signed-off-by: Takashi Sakamoto <o-takashi@sakamocchi.jp>
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Mengdong Lin <mengdong.lin@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Liam Girdwood <liam.r.girdwood@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Mark Brown <broonie@kernel.org>
The snd_hdac_chip_readl return can never be less than zeros,
so no point in checking for the return value
This fixes following static checker warnings in
snd_hdac_ext_bus_parse_capabilities
sound/hda/ext/hdac_ext_controller.c:47
snd_hdac_ext_bus_parse_capabilities()
warn: unsigned 'offset' is never less than zero.
sound/hda/ext/hdac_ext_controller.c:54
snd_hdac_ext_bus_parse_capabilities()
warn: unsigned 'cur_cap' is never less than zero.
Signed-off-by: Jeeja KP <jeeja.kp@intel.com>
Reported-by: Dan Carpenter <dan.carpenter@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Vinod Koul <vinod.koul@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
This fixes issue in assigning host stream in case of
decoupled mode. The check to verify if the stream is already
in use was wrong so fix that
Signed-off-by: Jeeja KP <jeeja.kp@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Vinod Koul <vinod.koul@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
I2S2_DAC pin can be used for I2S or GPIO. We should set it as GPIO
if we use GPIO5 as DMIC1 data pin.
Signed-off-by: Bard Liao <bardliao@realtek.com>
Signed-off-by: Mark Brown <broonie@kernel.org>
This fixes the following warning, that is seen with gcc 5.1:
warning: logical not is only applied to the left hand side of comparison [-Wlogical-not-parentheses].
Signed-off-by: Tomer Barletz <barletz@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
MacBook Pro 5,2 with ALC889 codec had already a fixup entry, but this
seems not working correctly, a fix for pin NID 0x15 is needed in
addition. It's equivalent with the fixup for MacBook Air 1,1, so use
this instead.
Bugzilla: https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=102131
Reported-and-tested-by: Jeffery Miller <jefferym@gmail.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
PM ops could be triggered before HDA is done initializing
and cause PM to set HDA controller to D3Hot. This can result
in "CORB reset timeout#2, CORBRP = 65535" and "no codecs
initialized". Additionally, PM ops can be triggered before
azx_probe_continue finishes (async probe). This can result
in a NULL deref kernel crash.
To fix this, avoid PM ops if !chip->running.
Signed-off-by: U. Artie Eoff <ullysses.a.eoff@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
Add initialization for sst_byt.dev at init stage, which fix the
'NULL device *' warning issues.
Signed-off-by: Jie Yang <yang.jie@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Mark Brown <broonie@kernel.org>
Add initialization for sst_hsw.dev at init stage, which fix the
'NULL device *' warning issues.
Signed-off-by: Jie Yang <yang.jie@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Mark Brown <broonie@kernel.org>
Add the correct dB ranges of Bose Companion 5 and Drangonfly DAC 1.2.
Signed-off-by: Yao-Wen Mao <yaowen@google.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
Dell Vostro 5480 (1028:069a) needs the very same quirk used for Vostro
5470 model to make bass speakers properly working.
Reported-and-tested-by: Paulo Roberto de Oliveira Castro <p.oliveira.castro@gmail.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
The new Dell laptop with codec 256 can't detect headset mic when
headset was inserted on the machine. From alsa-info, we check
init_pin_configs and need to define the new register value for pin
0x1d & 0x1e because the original macro ALC256_STANDARD_PINS can't
match pin definition. Also, the macro ALC256_STANDARD_PINS is
simplified by removing them. This makes headset mic works on laptop.
Codec: Realtek ALC256
Vendor Id: 0x10ec0256
Subsystem Id: 0x102806f2
BugLink: https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/1478497
Signed-off-by: Woodrow Shen <woodrow.shen@canonical.com>
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
Toshiba Satellite S50D has another model with a different PCI SSID
(1179:fa93) while the previous fixup was for 1179:fa91. Adjust the
fixup entry with SND_PCI_QUIRK_MASK() to match with both devices.
Reported-by: Tim Sample <timsample@gmail.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
Fireworks uses TSB43CB43(IceLynx-Micro) as its IEC 61883-1/6 interface.
This chip includes ARM7 core, and loads and runs program. The firmware
is stored in on-board memory and loaded every powering-on.
Echo Audio ships several versions of firmwares for each model. These
firmwares have each quirk and the quirk changes a sequence of packets.
AudioFire2 has a quirk to transfer a first packet with non-zero in
its dbc field. This causes ALSA Fireworks driver to detect discontinuity.
As long as I investigated, firmware 5.7, 5.7.6 and 5.8 have this quirk.
This commit adds a support for the quirk to handle AudioFire2 packets.
For safe, CIP_SKIP_INIT_DBC_CHECK is applied to all versions of
AudioFire2's firmwares.
02 00050002 90ffffff <-
42 0005000a 90013000
42 00050012 90014400
42 0005001a 90015800
02 0005001a 90ffffff
42 00050022 90019000
42 0005002a 9001a400
42 00050032 9001b800
02 00050032 90ffffff
42 0005003a 9001d000
42 00050042 9001e400
42 0005004a 9001f800
02 0005004a 90ffffff
Signed-off-by: Takashi Sakamoto <o-takashi@sakamocchi.jp>
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
When the headset was plugged in the Dell desktop, the mic of headset
can't be detected and workable.
According to the alsa-info, we found the differece between alsa and
init_pin_configs on the machine, so we need to add the pin configs to
make headset work.
Codec: Realtek ALC3234
Vendor Id: 0x10ec0255
Subsystem Id: 0x102806bb
BugLink: https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/1477900
Signed-off-by: Woodrow Shen <woodrow.shen@canonical.com>
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
Smatch complains that we have nested checks for "spdif_present". It
turns out the current behavior isn't correct, we should remove the first
check and keep the second.
Fixes: 1077a02481 ('ALSA: hda - Use generic parser for Cirrus codec driver')
Signed-off-by: Dan Carpenter <dan.carpenter@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
The settings in current code does not match the datasheet, fix it.
DAC Control - Address 03h
DAC Digital Interface Format (Bits 5:4)
DAC_DIF1 DAC_DIF0 Description
0 0 Left Justified, up to 24-bit data (default)
0 1 I²S, up to 24-bit data
1 0 Right-Justified, 16-bit Data
1 1 Right-Justified, 24-bit Data
Transmitter Control 2 - Address 12h
Transmitter Digital Interface Format (Bits 7:6)
Tx_DIF1 Tx_DIF0 Description Format Figure
0 0 Left Justified, up to 24-bit data (default)
0 1 I²S, up to 24-bit data
1 0 Right-Justified, 16-bit Data
1 1 Right-Justified, 24-bit Data
Signed-off-by: Axel Lin <axel.lin@ingics.com>
Signed-off-by: Mark Brown <broonie@kernel.org>
The de-emphasis sampling rate selection is controlled by BIT[3:4] of
PCM1681_DEEMPH_CONTROL register. Do proper left shift to set it.
Signed-off-by: Axel Lin <axel.lin@ingics.com>
Acked-by: Marek Belisko <marek.belisko@streamunlimited.com>
Signed-off-by: Mark Brown <broonie@kernel.org>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
The regmap_write in ssm4567_set_dai_fmt accidentally clears the
TDM_BCLKS field which was set earlier by ssm4567_set_tdm_slot.
This patch fixes it by using regmap_update_bits with proper mask.
Signed-off-by: Ben Zhang <benzh@chromium.org>
Acked-by: Lars-Peter Clausen <lars@metafoo.de>
Acked-by: Anatol Pomozov <anatol.pomozov@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Mark Brown <broonie@kernel.org>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Currently, below code actually does not update any bit because
SGTL5000_SMALL_POP is 0.
snd_soc_update_bits(codec, SGTL5000_CHIP_REF_CTRL, SGTL5000_SMALL_POP, 1);
The SGTL5000_SMALL_POP should be BIT(0) rather than 0, fix it.
Signed-off-by: Axel Lin <axel.lin@ingics.com>
Acked-By: Alexander Stein <alexander.stein@systec-electronic.com>
Signed-off-by: Mark Brown <broonie@kernel.org>
Without this patch, the headset mic will not work on this machine.
BugLink: https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/1476987
Signed-off-by: David Henningsson <david.henningsson@canonical.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
One more Dell laptop with alc293 codec needs
ALC293_FIXUP_DELL1_MIC_NO_PRESENCE, but the pin 0x1e does not match
the corresponding one in the ALC292_STANDARD_PINS. To use this macro
for this machine, we need to remove pin 0x1e from it.
BugLink: https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/1476888
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Hui Wang <hui.wang@canonical.com>
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
Commit fdb6eb0a12 ("ASoC: dapm: Modify widget stream name according to
prefix") fixed the case where a DAPM route between a DAI widget and a
DAC/ADC/AIF widget with a matching stream name was not created when the
DAPM context was using a prefix.
Unfortunately the patch introduced a few issues on its own like leaking the
dynamically allocated stream name memory and also not checking whether the
allocation succeeded in the first place.
It is also incomplete in that it still does not handle the case where
stream name of the widget is a substring of the stream name of the DAI,
which is explicitly allowed and works fine if no DAPM prefix is used.
Revert the commit and take a slightly different approach to solving the
issue. Instead of comparing the widget's stream name to the name of the DAI
widget compare it to the stream name of the DAI widget. The stream name of
the DAI widget is identical to the name of the DAI widget except that it
wont have the DAPM prefix added. So this approach behaves identical
regardless to whether the DAPM context uses a prefix or not.
We don't have to worry about potentially matching with a widget with the
same stream name, but from a different DAPM context with a different
prefix, since the code already makes sure that both the DAI widget and the
matched widget are from the same DAPM context.
Fixes: fdb6eb0a12 ("ASoC: dapm: Modify widget stream name according to prefix")
Signed-off-by: Lars-Peter Clausen <lars@metafoo.de>
Signed-off-by: Mark Brown <broonie@kernel.org>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Vendor ID 0x10de007d is used by a yet-to-be-named GPU chip.
This chip also has the 2-ch audio swapping bug, so patch_nvhdmi is
appropriate here.
Signed-off-by: Aaron Plattner <aplattner@nvidia.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
When the controller is powered up but the HDMI codec is powered down
on Skylake, the power well is turned off. When the codec is then
powered up again, we need to poke the codec a little extra to make
sure it wakes up. Otherwise we'll get sad "no response from codec"
messages and broken audio.
This also changes azx_runtime_resume to actually call
snd_hdac_set_codec_wakeup for Skylake (before STATETS read).
(Otherwise it would only have been called for Haswell and Broadwell,
which both do not need it, so this probably was not the author's
intention.)
Signed-off-by: David Henningsson <david.henningsson@canonical.com>
Reviewed-by: Libin Yang <libin.yang@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
Acer Aspire V5 with the ALC282 codec is given the wrong value for the
0x19 PIN by the laptop's BIOS. Overriding it with the correct value
adds support for the headset microphone which would not otherwise be
visible in the system.
The fix is based on commit 7819717b11 with a similar quirk for Acer
Aspire with the ALC269 codec.
Bugzilla: https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=96201
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Mateusz Sylwestrzak <matisec7@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
If 'of_ioremap' fails, then 'amd' should be freed, otherwise, there is a
memory leak.
Signed-off-by: Christophe JAILLET <christophe.jaillet@wanadoo.fr>
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
With the nonatomic PCM ops, the system may spew lockdep warnings like:
=============================================
[ INFO: possible recursive locking detected ]
4.2.0-rc1-jeejaval3 #12 Not tainted
---------------------------------------------
aplay/4029 is trying to acquire lock:
(snd_pcm_link_rwsem){.+.+.+}, at: [<ffffffff816fd473>] snd_pcm_stream_lock+0x43/0x60
but task is already holding lock:
(snd_pcm_link_rwsem){.+.+.+}, at: [<ffffffff816fcf29>] snd_pcm_action_nonatomic+0x29/0x80
other info that might help us debug this:
Possible unsafe locking scenario:
CPU0
----
lock(snd_pcm_link_rwsem);
lock(snd_pcm_link_rwsem);
Although this is false-positive as the rwsem is taken always as
read-only for these code paths, it's certainly annoying to see this at
any occasion. A simple fix is to use down_read_nested() in
snd_pcm_stream_lock() that can be called inside another lock.
Reported-by: Vinod Koul <vinod.koul@intel.com>
Reported-by: Jeeja Kp <jeeja.kp@intel.com>
Tested-by: Jeeja Kp <jeeja.kp@intel.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
This fixes kernel panic on boot, if rt5645->codec is NULL when
rt5645_jack_detect_work is first called.
rt5645_jack_detect_work needs rt5645->codec to be initialized to setup
dapm pins. Also, reporting jack events is useless, as the jacks cannot
be set before the codec is ready.
Since we manually call the interrupt handler in
rt5645_set_jack_detect, the initial jack state will be reported
correctly, and dapm pins will be setup at that time.
Signed-off-by: Nicolas Boichat <drinkcat@chromium.org>
Signed-off-by: Mark Brown <broonie@kernel.org>
This laptop needs GPIO4 pulled high to enable the headphone amplifier,
and has a mute LED on GPIO3. I modelled the patch on the existing
GPIO4 code which pulls the line low for the same purpose; this time,
the HP amp line is pulled high.
v2: Disable the headphone amplifier when no headphone is connected.
Don't disable power savings to preserve the LED state.
v3: Remove headset-specific hooks and code; this is just a headphone.
Signed-off-by: Keith Packard <keithp@keithp.com>
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
The usage_count variable was read before it was set to the correct
value, due to which the firmware load was failing. Because of this
IPC messages sent to the firmware were timing out causing a delay
of about 1 second while playing audio from the internal speakers.
With this patch the usage_count is read after the function call
pm_runtime_get_sync which will increment the usage_count variable
and the firmware load is successful and all the IPC messages are
processed correctly.
Signed-off-by: Shilpa Sreeramalu <shilpa.sreeramalu@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Fang, Yang A <yang.a.fang@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Mark Brown <broonie@kernel.org>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
When a monitor stream is active, the next PCM stream access results in
EBUSY error because of the check in line6_stream_start(). Fix this by
just skipping the submission of pending URBs when the stream is
already running instead.
Bugzilla: https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=101431
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> # v4.0+
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
Mixer control for widgets can't be created if the info is NULL. So assign
the correct info for this.
Signed-off-by: Jeeja KP <jeeja.kp@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Subhransu S. Prusty <subhransu.s.prusty@intel.com>
Acked-by: Liam Girdwood <liam.r.girdwood@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Mark Brown <broonie@kernel.org>
Value returned by devm_ioremap_resource() was checked for non-NULL but
devm_ioremap_resource() returns IOMEM_ERR_PTR, not NULL. In case of
error this could lead to dereference of ERR_PTR.
Signed-off-by: Krzysztof Kozlowski <k.kozlowski.k@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Jun Nie <jun.nie@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Mark Brown <broonie@kernel.org>
Value returned by devm_ioremap_resource() was checked for non-NULL but
devm_ioremap_resource() returns IOMEM_ERR_PTR, not NULL. In case of
error this could lead to dereference of ERR_PTR.
Signed-off-by: Krzysztof Kozlowski <k.kozlowski.k@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Jun Nie <jun.nie@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Mark Brown <broonie@kernel.org>
This replaces the platform_name in snd_soc_dai_link by device tree node.
Signed-off-by: Koro Chen <koro.chen@mediatek.com>
Signed-off-by: Mark Brown <broonie@kernel.org>
Make sure the to free the card DAPM context if snd_soc_instantiate_card()
fails, otherwise the memory allocated for the DAPM widgets is leaked.
Signed-off-by: Lars-Peter Clausen <lars@metafoo.de>
Signed-off-by: Mark Brown <broonie@kernel.org>
The name field of the widget template is only used inside
snd_soc_dapm_new_control_unlocked() which allocates a copy for the actual
widget. This means we need to free the name allocated for the template in
dapm_kcontrol_data_alloc() and not the name of the actual widget in
dapm_kcontrol_free(). Otherwise we get a double free on the widget name and
a memory leak on the template name.
Fixes: 773da9b358 ("ASoC: dapm: Append "Autodisable" to autodisable widget names")
Signed-off-by: Lars-Peter Clausen <lars@metafoo.de>
Signed-off-by: Mark Brown <broonie@kernel.org>
The Intel boards directory was under CONFIG_SND_SOC_INTEL_SST so the
machines which don't need these were not allowed to be
selected/compiled without enabling this symbol The machine should be
allowed to selected by ASoC and then they should select rest of
symbols required
Reported-by: Michele Curti <michele.curti@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Vinod Koul <vinod.koul@intel.com>
Acked-by: Liam Girdwood <liam.r.girdwood@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Mark Brown <broonie@kernel.org>
Currently, the alt PCM open callback returns -EBUSY when an
independent HP is turned off, supposing that it conflicts with the
main PCM. However, obviously, this check is wrong when the
independent HP itself isn't enabled but the alt PCM was explicitly
created via alc_dac_nid by a codec driver.
Reported-and-tested-by: Kailang Yang <kailang@realtek.com>
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
Rick Sherman