Ingo recently introduced a great speedup for allocating new mmaps using the
free_area_cache pointer which boosts the specweb SSL benchmark by 4-5% and
causes huge performance increases in thread creation.
The downside of this patch is that it does lead to fragmentation in the
mmap-ed areas (visible via /proc/self/maps), such that some applications
that work fine under 2.4 kernels quickly run out of memory on any 2.6
kernel.
The problem is twofold:
1) the free_area_cache is used to continue a search for memory where
the last search ended. Before the change new areas were always
searched from the base address on.
So now new small areas are cluttering holes of all sizes
throughout the whole mmap-able region whereas before small holes
tended to close holes near the base leaving holes far from the base
large and available for larger requests.
2) the free_area_cache also is set to the location of the last
munmap-ed area so in scenarios where we allocate e.g. five regions of
1K each, then free regions 4 2 3 in this order the next request for 1K
will be placed in the position of the old region 3, whereas before we
appended it to the still active region 1, placing it at the location
of the old region 2. Before we had 1 free region of 2K, now we only
get two free regions of 1K -> fragmentation.
The patch addresses thes issues by introducing yet another cache descriptor
cached_hole_size that contains the largest known hole size below the
current free_area_cache. If a new request comes in the size is compared
against the cached_hole_size and if the request can be filled with a hole
below free_area_cache the search is started from the base instead.
The results look promising: Whereas 2.6.12-rc4 fragments quickly and my
(earlier posted) leakme.c test program terminates after 50000+ iterations
with 96 distinct and fragmented maps in /proc/self/maps it performs nicely
(as expected) with thread creation, Ingo's test_str02 with 20000 threads
requires 0.7s system time.
Taking out Ingo's patch (un-patch available per request) by basically
deleting all mentions of free_area_cache from the kernel and starting the
search for new memory always at the respective bases we observe: leakme
terminates successfully with 11 distinctive hardly fragmented areas in
/proc/self/maps but thread creating is gringdingly slow: 30+s(!) system
time for Ingo's test_str02 with 20000 threads.
Now - drumroll ;-) the appended patch works fine with leakme: it ends with
only 7 distinct areas in /proc/self/maps and also thread creation seems
sufficiently fast with 0.71s for 20000 threads.
Signed-off-by: Wolfgang Wander <wwc@rentec.com>
Credit-to: "Richard Purdie" <rpurdie@rpsys.net>
Signed-off-by: Ken Chen <kenneth.w.chen@intel.com>
Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> (partly)
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
A lot of the code in arch/*/mm/hugetlbpage.c is quite similar. This patch
attempts to consolidate a lot of the code across the arch's, putting the
combined version in mm/hugetlb.c. There are a couple of uglyish hacks in
order to covert all the hugepage archs, but the result is a very large
reduction in the total amount of code. It also means things like hugepage
lazy allocation could be implemented in one place, instead of six.
Tested, at least a little, on ppc64, i386 and x86_64.
Notes:
- this patch changes the meaning of set_huge_pte() to be more
analagous to set_pte()
- does SH4 need s special huge_ptep_get_and_clear()??
Acked-by: William Lee Irwin <wli@holomorphy.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
This patch converts ppc64 to use the generic pgtable-nopud.h instead of the
"fixup" header.
Signed-off-by: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Once we're strict about clearing away page tables, hugetlb_prefault can assume
there are no page tables left within its range. Since the other arches
continue if !pte_none here, let i386 do the same.
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
ia64 and ppc64 had hugetlb_free_pgtables functions which were no longer being
called, and it wasn't obvious what to do about them.
The ppc64 case turns out to be easy: the associated tables are noted elsewhere
and freed later, safe to either skip its hugetlb areas or go through the
motions of freeing nothing. Since ia64 does need a special case, restore to
ppc64 the special case of skipping them.
The ia64 hugetlb case has been broken since pgd_addr_end went in, though it
probably appeared to work okay if you just had one such area; in fact it's
been broken much longer if you consider a long munmap spanning from another
region into the hugetlb region.
In the ia64 hugetlb region, more virtual address bits are available than in
the other regions, yet the page tables are structured the same way: the page
at the bottom is larger. Here we need to scale down each addr before passing
it to the standard free_pgd_range. Was about to write a hugely_scaled_down
macro, but found htlbpage_to_page already exists for just this purpose. Fixed
off-by-one in ia64 is_hugepage_only_range.
Uninline free_pgd_range to make it available to ia64. Make sure the
vma-gathering loop in free_pgtables cannot join a hugepage_only_range to any
other (safe to join huges? probably but don't bother).
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Initial git repository build. I'm not bothering with the full history,
even though we have it. We can create a separate "historical" git
archive of that later if we want to, and in the meantime it's about
3.2GB when imported into git - space that would just make the early
git days unnecessarily complicated, when we don't have a lot of good
infrastructure for it.
Let it rip!
Wolfgang Wander