Cc: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>
Cc: Stephen Hemminger <shemminger@vyatta.com>
Cc: "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net>
Signed-off-by: Cong Wang <amwang@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Rebased on the latest net-next tree.
RTM_NEWNETCONF and RTM_GETNETCONF are missing in this table.
Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Signed-off-by: Cong Wang <amwang@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
V5: fix two bugs pointed out by Thomas
remove seq check for now, mark it as TODO
V4: remove some useless #include
some coding style fix
V3: drop debugging printk's
update selinux perm table as well
V2: drop patch 1/2, export ifindex directly
Redesign netlink attributes
Improve netlink seq check
Handle IPv6 addr as well
This patch exports bridge multicast database via netlink
message type RTM_GETMDB. Similar to fdb, but currently bridge-specific.
We may need to support modify multicast database too (RTM_{ADD,DEL}MDB).
(Thanks to Thomas for patient reviews)
Cc: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>
Cc: Stephen Hemminger <shemminger@vyatta.com>
Cc: "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Thomas Graf <tgraf@suug.ch>
Cc: Jesper Dangaard Brouer <brouer@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Cong Wang <amwang@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Thomas Graf <tgraf@suug.ch>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
===============================
[ INFO: suspicious RCU usage. ]
3.5.0-rc1+ #63 Not tainted
-------------------------------
security/selinux/netnode.c:178 suspicious rcu_dereference_check() usage!
other info that might help us debug this:
rcu_scheduler_active = 1, debug_locks = 0
1 lock held by trinity-child1/8750:
#0: (sel_netnode_lock){+.....}, at: [<ffffffff812d8f8a>] sel_netnode_sid+0x16a/0x3e0
stack backtrace:
Pid: 8750, comm: trinity-child1 Not tainted 3.5.0-rc1+ #63
Call Trace:
[<ffffffff810cec2d>] lockdep_rcu_suspicious+0xfd/0x130
[<ffffffff812d91d1>] sel_netnode_sid+0x3b1/0x3e0
[<ffffffff812d8e20>] ? sel_netnode_find+0x1a0/0x1a0
[<ffffffff812d24a6>] selinux_socket_bind+0xf6/0x2c0
[<ffffffff810cd1dd>] ? trace_hardirqs_off+0xd/0x10
[<ffffffff810cdb55>] ? lock_release_holdtime.part.9+0x15/0x1a0
[<ffffffff81093841>] ? lock_hrtimer_base+0x31/0x60
[<ffffffff812c9536>] security_socket_bind+0x16/0x20
[<ffffffff815550ca>] sys_bind+0x7a/0x100
[<ffffffff816c03d5>] ? sysret_check+0x22/0x5d
[<ffffffff810d392d>] ? trace_hardirqs_on_caller+0x10d/0x1a0
[<ffffffff8133b09e>] ? trace_hardirqs_on_thunk+0x3a/0x3f
[<ffffffff816c03a9>] system_call_fastpath+0x16/0x1b
This patch below does what Paul McKenney suggested in the previous thread.
Signed-off-by: Dave Jones <davej@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Paul Moore <paul@paul-moore.com>
Cc: Eric Paris <eparis@parisplace.org>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: James Morris <james.l.morris@oracle.com>
replace_fd() began with "eats a reference, tries to insert into
descriptor table" semantics; at some point I'd switched it to
much saner current behaviour ("try to insert into descriptor
table, grabbing a new reference if inserted; caller should do
fput() in any case"), but forgot to update the callers.
Mea culpa...
[Spotted by Pavel Roskin, who has really weird system with pipe-fed
coredumps as part of what he considers a normal boot ;-)]
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
A long time ago, in v2.4, VM_RESERVED kept swapout process off VMA,
currently it lost original meaning but still has some effects:
| effect | alternative flags
-+------------------------+---------------------------------------------
1| account as reserved_vm | VM_IO
2| skip in core dump | VM_IO, VM_DONTDUMP
3| do not merge or expand | VM_IO, VM_DONTEXPAND, VM_HUGETLB, VM_PFNMAP
4| do not mlock | VM_IO, VM_DONTEXPAND, VM_HUGETLB, VM_PFNMAP
This patch removes reserved_vm counter from mm_struct. Seems like nobody
cares about it, it does not exported into userspace directly, it only
reduces total_vm showed in proc.
Thus VM_RESERVED can be replaced with VM_IO or pair VM_DONTEXPAND | VM_DONTDUMP.
remap_pfn_range() and io_remap_pfn_range() set VM_IO|VM_DONTEXPAND|VM_DONTDUMP.
remap_vmalloc_range() set VM_DONTEXPAND | VM_DONTDUMP.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: drivers/vfio/pci/vfio_pci.c fixup]
Signed-off-by: Konstantin Khlebnikov <khlebnikov@openvz.org>
Cc: Alexander Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Carsten Otte <cotte@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Chris Metcalf <cmetcalf@tilera.com>
Cc: Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org>
Cc: Eric Paris <eparis@redhat.com>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: James Morris <james.l.morris@oracle.com>
Cc: Jason Baron <jbaron@redhat.com>
Cc: Kentaro Takeda <takedakn@nttdata.co.jp>
Cc: Matt Helsley <matthltc@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@kernel.dk>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Robert Richter <robert.richter@amd.com>
Cc: Suresh Siddha <suresh.b.siddha@intel.com>
Cc: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp>
Cc: Venkatesh Pallipadi <venki@google.com>
Acked-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
iterates through the opened files in given descriptor table,
calling a supplied function; we stop once non-zero is returned.
Callback gets struct file *, descriptor number and const void *
argument passed to iterator. It is called with files->file_lock
held, so it is not allowed to block.
tty_io, netprio_cgroup and selinux flush_unauthorized_files()
converted to its use.
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Stephen Smalley <sds@tycho.nsa.gov>
Cc: James Morris <james.l.morris@oracle.com>
Cc: Eric Paris <eparis@parisplace.org>
Signed-off-by: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
When a policy is inserted or deleted, all dst should be recalculated.
Signed-off-by: Nicolas Dichtel <nicolas.dichtel@6wind.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
This patch defines netlink_kernel_create as a wrapper function of
__netlink_kernel_create to hide the struct module *me parameter
(which seems to be THIS_MODULE in all existing netlink subsystems).
Suggested by David S. Miller.
Signed-off-by: Pablo Neira Ayuso <pablo@netfilter.org>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Replace netlink_set_nonroot by one new field `flags' in
struct netlink_kernel_cfg that is passed to netlink_kernel_create.
This patch also renames NL_NONROOT_* to NL_CFG_F_NONROOT_* since
now the flags field in nl_table is generic (so we can add more
flags if needed in the future).
Also adjust all callers in the net-next tree to use these flags
instead of netlink_set_nonroot.
Signed-off-by: Pablo Neira Ayuso <pablo@netfilter.org>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Failing to allocate a cache entry will only harm performance not
correctness. Do not consume valuable reserve pages for something like
that.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Acked-by: Eric Paris <eparis@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Eric B Munson <emunson@mgebm.net>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Mike Christie <michaelc@cs.wisc.edu>
Cc: Neil Brown <neilb@suse.de>
Cc: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <sebastian@breakpoint.cc>
Cc: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
Cc: Xiaotian Feng <dfeng@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
When we restore file descriptors we would like them to look exactly as
they were at dumping time.
With help of fcntl it's almost possible, the missing snippet is file
owners UIDs.
To be able to read their values the F_GETOWNER_UIDS is introduced.
This option is valid iif CONFIG_CHECKPOINT_RESTORE is turned on, otherwise
returning -EINVAL.
Signed-off-by: Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org>
Acked-by: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: "Serge E. Hallyn" <serge@hallyn.com>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
OK, what we have so far is e.g.
setxattr(path, name, whatever, 0, XATTR_REPLACE)
with name being good enough to get through xattr_permission().
Then we reach security_inode_setxattr() with the desired value and size.
Aha. name should begin with "security.selinux", or we won't get that
far in selinux_inode_setxattr(). Suppose we got there and have enough
permissions to relabel that sucker. We call security_context_to_sid()
with value == NULL, size == 0. OK, we want ss_initialized to be non-zero.
I.e. after everything had been set up and running. No problem...
We do 1-byte kmalloc(), zero-length memcpy() (which doesn't oops, even
thought the source is NULL) and put a NUL there. I.e. form an empty
string. string_to_context_struct() is called and looks for the first
':' in there. Not found, -EINVAL we get. OK, security_context_to_sid_core()
has rc == -EINVAL, force == 0, so it silently returns -EINVAL.
All it takes now is not having CAP_MAC_ADMIN and we are fucked.
All right, it might be a different bug (modulo strange code quoted in the
report), but it's real. Easily fixed, AFAICS:
Deal with size == 0, value == NULL case in selinux_inode_setxattr()
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Tested-by: Dave Jones <davej@redhat.com>
Reported-by: Dave Jones <davej@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: James Morris <james.l.morris@oracle.com>
Recently, glibc made a change to suppress sign-conversion warnings in
FD_SET (glibc commit ceb9e56b3d1). This uncovered an issue with the
kernel's definition of __NFDBITS if applications #include
<linux/types.h> after including <sys/select.h>. A build failure would
be seen when passing the -Werror=sign-compare and -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2
flags to gcc.
It was suggested that the kernel should either match the glibc
definition of __NFDBITS or remove that entirely. The current in-kernel
uses of __NFDBITS can be replaced with BITS_PER_LONG, and there are no
uses of the related __FDELT and __FDMASK defines. Given that, we'll
continue the cleanup that was started with commit 8b3d1cda4f
("posix_types: Remove fd_set macros") and drop the remaining unused
macros.
Additionally, linux/time.h has similar macros defined that expand to
nothing so we'll remove those at the same time.
Reported-by: Jeff Law <law@redhat.com>
Suggested-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
CC: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Josh Boyer <jwboyer@redhat.com>
[ .. and fix up whitespace as per akpm ]
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
When I introduced open perms policy didn't understand them and I
implemented them as a policycap. When I added the checking of open perm
to truncate I forgot to conditionalize it on the userspace defined
policy capability. Running an old policy with a new kernel will not
check open on open(2) but will check it on truncate. Conditionalize the
truncate check the same as the open check.
Signed-off-by: Eric Paris <eparis@redhat.com>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org # 3.4.x
Signed-off-by: James Morris <james.l.morris@oracle.com>
The kernel has added CAP_WAKE_ALARM and CAP_EPOLLWAKEUP. We need to
define these in SELinux so they can be mediated by policy.
Signed-off-by: Eric Paris <eparis@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: James Morris <james.l.morris@oracle.com>
This patch adds the following structure:
struct netlink_kernel_cfg {
unsigned int groups;
void (*input)(struct sk_buff *skb);
struct mutex *cb_mutex;
};
That can be passed to netlink_kernel_create to set optional configurations
for netlink kernel sockets.
I've populated this structure by looking for NULL and zero parameters at the
existing code. The remaining parameters that always need to be set are still
left in the original interface.
That includes optional parameters for the netlink socket creation. This allows
easy extensibility of this interface in the future.
This patch also adapts all callers to use this new interface.
Signed-off-by: Pablo Neira Ayuso <pablo@netfilter.org>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
This patch is a cleanup. Use NFPROTO_* for consistency with other
netfilter code.
Signed-off-by: Alban Crequy <alban.crequy@collabora.co.uk>
Reviewed-by: Javier Martinez Canillas <javier.martinez@collabora.co.uk>
Reviewed-by: Vincent Sanders <vincent.sanders@collabora.co.uk>
Signed-off-by: Pablo Neira Ayuso <pablo@netfilter.org>
a) %d does _not_ produce a page worth of output
b) snprintf() doesn't return negatives - it used to in old glibc, but
that's the kernel...
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
This patch removes ip_queue support which was marked as obsolete
years ago. The nfnetlink_queue modules provides more advanced
user-space packet queueing mechanism.
This patch also removes capability code included in SELinux that
refers to ip_queue. Otherwise, we break compilation.
Several warning has been sent regarding this to the mailing list
in the past month without anyone rising the hand to stop this
with some strong argument.
Signed-off-by: Pablo Neira Ayuso <pablo@netfilter.org>
With this change, calling
prctl(PR_SET_NO_NEW_PRIVS, 1, 0, 0, 0)
disables privilege granting operations at execve-time. For example, a
process will not be able to execute a setuid binary to change their uid
or gid if this bit is set. The same is true for file capabilities.
Additionally, LSM_UNSAFE_NO_NEW_PRIVS is defined to ensure that
LSMs respect the requested behavior.
To determine if the NO_NEW_PRIVS bit is set, a task may call
prctl(PR_GET_NO_NEW_PRIVS, 0, 0, 0, 0);
It returns 1 if set and 0 if it is not set. If any of the arguments are
non-zero, it will return -1 and set errno to -EINVAL.
(PR_SET_NO_NEW_PRIVS behaves similarly.)
This functionality is desired for the proposed seccomp filter patch
series. By using PR_SET_NO_NEW_PRIVS, it allows a task to modify the
system call behavior for itself and its child tasks without being
able to impact the behavior of a more privileged task.
Another potential use is making certain privileged operations
unprivileged. For example, chroot may be considered "safe" if it cannot
affect privileged tasks.
Note, this patch causes execve to fail when PR_SET_NO_NEW_PRIVS is
set and AppArmor is in use. It is fixed in a subsequent patch.
Signed-off-by: Andy Lutomirski <luto@amacapital.net>
Signed-off-by: Will Drewry <wad@chromium.org>
Acked-by: Eric Paris <eparis@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
v18: updated change desc
v17: using new define values as per 3.4
Signed-off-by: James Morris <james.l.morris@oracle.com>
avc_add_callback now just used for registering reset functions
in initcalls, and the callback functions just did reset operations.
So, reducing the arguments to only one event is enough now.
Signed-off-by: Wanlong Gao <gaowanlong@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Eric Paris <eparis@redhat.com>
avc_add_callback now only called from initcalls, so replace the
weak GFP_ATOMIC to GFP_KERNEL, and mark this function __init
to make a warning when not been called from initcalls.
Signed-off-by: Wanlong Gao <gaowanlong@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Eric Paris <eparis@redhat.com>
We no longer need the distinction. We only need data after we decide to do an
audit. So turn the "late" audit data into just "data" and remove what we
currently have as "data".
Signed-off-by: Eric Paris <eparis@redhat.com>
It isn't needed. If you don't set the type of the data associated with
that type it is a pretty obvious programming bug. So why waste the cycles?
Signed-off-by: Eric Paris <eparis@redhat.com>
There are no legitimate users. Always use current and get back some stack
space for the common_audit_data.
Signed-off-by: Eric Paris <eparis@redhat.com>
selinux_inode_has_perm is a hot path. Instead of declaring the
common_audit_data on the stack move it to a noinline function only used in
the rare case we need to send an audit message.
Signed-off-by: Eric Paris <eparis@redhat.com>
We pay a rather large overhead initializing the common_audit_data.
Since we only need this information if we actually emit an audit
message there is little need to set it up in the hot path. This patch
splits the functionality of avc_has_perm() into avc_has_perm_noaudit(),
avc_audit_required() and slow_avc_audit(). But we take care of setting
up to audit between required() and the actual audit call. Thus saving
measurable time in a hot path.
Signed-off-by: Stephen Smalley <sds@tycho.nsa.gov>
Signed-off-by: Eric Paris <eparis@redhat.com>
We reset the bool names and values array to NULL, but do not reset the
number of entries in these arrays to 0. If we error out and then get back
into this function we will walk these NULL pointers based on the belief
that they are non-zero length.
Signed-off-by: Eric Paris <eparis@redhat.com>
cc: stable@kernel.org
I'm not really sure what the idea behind the sel_div function is, but it's
useless. Since a and b are both unsigned, it's impossible for a % b < 0.
That means that part of the function never does anything. Thus it's just a
normal /. Just do that instead. I don't even understand what that operation
was supposed to mean in the signed case however....
If it was signed:
sel_div(-2, 4) == ((-2 / 4) - ((-2 % 4) < 0))
((0) - ((-2) < 0))
((0) - (1))
(-1)
What actually happens:
sel_div(-2, 4) == ((18446744073709551614 / 4) - ((18446744073709551614 % 4) < 0))
((4611686018427387903) - ((2 < 0))
(4611686018427387903 - 0)
((unsigned int)4611686018427387903)
(4294967295)
Neither makes a whole ton of sense to me. So I'm getting rid of the
function entirely.
Signed-off-by: Eric Paris <eparis@redhat.com>
It's possible that the caller passed a NULL for scontext. However if this
is a defered mapping we might still attempt to call *scontext=kstrdup().
This is bad. Instead just return the len.
Signed-off-by: Eric Paris <eparis@redhat.com>
We know that some yum operation is causing CAP_MAC_ADMIN failures. This
implies that an RPM is laying down (or attempting to lay down) a file with
an invalid label. The problem is that we don't have any information to
track down the cause. This patch will cause such a failure to report the
failed label in an SELINUX_ERR audit message. This is similar to the
SELINUX_ERR reports on invalid transitions and things like that. It should
help run down problems on what is trying to set invalid labels in the
future.
Resulting records look something like:
type=AVC msg=audit(1319659241.138:71): avc: denied { mac_admin } for pid=2594 comm="chcon" capability=33 scontext=unconfined_u:unconfined_r:unconfined_t:s0-s0:c0.c1023 tcontext=unconfined_u:unconfined_r:unconfined_t:s0-s0:c0.c1023 tclass=capability2
type=SELINUX_ERR msg=audit(1319659241.138:71): op=setxattr invalid_context=unconfined_u:object_r:hello:s0
type=SYSCALL msg=audit(1319659241.138:71): arch=c000003e syscall=188 success=no exit=-22 a0=a2c0e0 a1=390341b79b a2=a2d620 a3=1f items=1 ppid=2519 pid=2594 auid=0 uid=0 gid=0 euid=0 suid=0 fsuid=0 egid=0 sgid=0 fsgid=0 tty=pts0 ses=1 comm="chcon" exe="/usr/bin/chcon" subj=unconfined_u:unconfined_r:unconfined_t:s0-s0:c0.c1023 key=(null)
type=CWD msg=audit(1319659241.138:71): cwd="/root" type=PATH msg=audit(1319659241.138:71): item=0 name="test" inode=785879 dev=fc:03 mode=0100644 ouid=0 ogid=0 rdev=00:00 obj=unconfined_u:object_r:admin_home_t:s0
Signed-off-by: Eric Paris <eparis@redhat.com>
In RH BZ 578841 we realized that the SELinux sandbox program was allowed to
truncate files outside of the sandbox. The reason is because sandbox
confinement is determined almost entirely by the 'open' permission. The idea
was that if the sandbox was unable to open() files it would be unable to do
harm to those files. This turns out to be false in light of syscalls like
truncate() and chmod() which don't require a previous open() call. I looked
at the syscalls that did not have an associated 'open' check and found that
truncate(), did not have a seperate permission and even if it did have a
separate permission such a permission owuld be inadequate for use by
sandbox (since it owuld have to be granted so liberally as to be useless).
This patch checks the OPEN permission on truncate. I think a better solution
for sandbox is a whole new permission, but at least this fixes what we have
today.
Signed-off-by: Eric Paris <eparis@redhat.com>
Because Fedora shipped userspace based on my development tree we now
have policy version 27 in the wild defining only default user, role, and
range. Thus to add default_type we need a policy.28.
Signed-off-by: Eric Paris <eparis@redhat.com>
When new objects are created we have great and flexible rules to
determine the type of the new object. We aren't quite as flexible or
mature when it comes to determining the user, role, and range. This
patch adds a new ability to specify the place a new objects user, role,
and range should come from. For users and roles it can come from either
the source or the target of the operation. aka for files the user can
either come from the source (the running process and todays default) or
it can come from the target (aka the parent directory of the new file)
examples always are done with
directory context: system_u:object_r:mnt_t:s0-s0:c0.c512
process context: unconfined_u:unconfined_r:unconfined_t:s0-s0:c0.c1023
[no rule]
unconfined_u:object_r:mnt_t:s0 test_none
[default user source]
unconfined_u:object_r:mnt_t:s0 test_user_source
[default user target]
system_u:object_r:mnt_t:s0 test_user_target
[default role source]
unconfined_u:unconfined_r:mnt_t:s0 test_role_source
[default role target]
unconfined_u:object_r:mnt_t:s0 test_role_target
[default range source low]
unconfined_u:object_r:mnt_t:s0 test_range_source_low
[default range source high]
unconfined_u:object_r:mnt_t:s0:c0.c1023 test_range_source_high
[default range source low-high]
unconfined_u:object_r:mnt_t:s0-s0:c0.c1023 test_range_source_low-high
[default range target low]
unconfined_u:object_r:mnt_t:s0 test_range_target_low
[default range target high]
unconfined_u:object_r:mnt_t:s0:c0.c512 test_range_target_high
[default range target low-high]
unconfined_u:object_r:mnt_t:s0-s0:c0.c512 test_range_target_low-high
Signed-off-by: Eric Paris <eparis@redhat.com>
There is no reason the DAC perms on reading the policy file need to be root
only. There are selinux checks which should control this access.
Signed-off-by: Eric Paris <eparis@redhat.com>
Amerigo Wang