License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license
Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which
makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license.
By default all files without license information are under the default
license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2.
Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0'
SPDX license identifier. The SPDX identifier is a legally binding
shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text.
This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and
Philippe Ombredanne.
How this work was done:
Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of
the use cases:
- file had no licensing information it it.
- file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it,
- file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information,
Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases
where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license
had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords.
The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to
a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the
output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX
tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne. Philippe prepared the
base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files.
The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files
assessed. Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner
results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s)
to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not
immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was:
- Files considered eligible had to be source code files.
- Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5
lines of source
- File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5
lines).
All documentation files were explicitly excluded.
The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license
identifiers to apply.
- when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was
considered to have no license information in it, and the top level
COPYING file license applied.
For non */uapi/* files that summary was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 11139
and resulted in the first patch in this series.
If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH
Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0". Results of that was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 930
and resulted in the second patch in this series.
- if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one
of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if
any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in
it (per prior point). Results summary:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 270
GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 169
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause) 21
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 17
LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 15
GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 14
((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 5
LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 4
LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT) 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT) 1
and that resulted in the third patch in this series.
- when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became
the concluded license(s).
- when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a
license but the other didn't, or they both detected different
licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred.
- In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file
resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and
which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics).
- When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was
confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
- If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier,
the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later
in time.
In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the
spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the
source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation
by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from
FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners
disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights. The
Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so
they are related.
Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets
for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the
files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks
in about 15000 files.
In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have
copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the
correct identifier.
Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual
inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch
version early this week with:
- a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected
license ids and scores
- reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+
files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct
- reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license
was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied
SPDX license was correct
This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction. This
worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the
different types of files to be modified.
These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg. Thomas wrote a script to
parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the
format that the file expected. This script was further refined by Greg
based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to
distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different
comment types.) Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to
generate the patches.
Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
7 years ago
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/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
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#ifndef __PERF_KVM_STAT_H
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#define __PERF_KVM_STAT_H
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#include "../perf.h"
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#include "evsel.h"
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#include "evlist.h"
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#include "session.h"
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#include "tool.h"
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#include "stat.h"
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struct event_key {
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#define INVALID_KEY (~0ULL)
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u64 key;
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int info;
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struct exit_reasons_table *exit_reasons;
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};
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struct kvm_event_stats {
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u64 time;
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struct stats stats;
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};
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struct kvm_event {
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struct list_head hash_entry;
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struct rb_node rb;
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struct event_key key;
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struct kvm_event_stats total;
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#define DEFAULT_VCPU_NUM 8
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int max_vcpu;
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struct kvm_event_stats *vcpu;
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};
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typedef int (*key_cmp_fun)(struct kvm_event*, struct kvm_event*, int);
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struct kvm_event_key {
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const char *name;
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key_cmp_fun key;
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};
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struct perf_kvm_stat;
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struct child_event_ops {
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void (*get_key)(struct perf_evsel *evsel,
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struct perf_sample *sample,
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struct event_key *key);
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const char *name;
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};
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struct kvm_events_ops {
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bool (*is_begin_event)(struct perf_evsel *evsel,
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struct perf_sample *sample,
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struct event_key *key);
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bool (*is_end_event)(struct perf_evsel *evsel,
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struct perf_sample *sample, struct event_key *key);
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struct child_event_ops *child_ops;
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void (*decode_key)(struct perf_kvm_stat *kvm, struct event_key *key,
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char *decode);
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const char *name;
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};
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struct exit_reasons_table {
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unsigned long exit_code;
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const char *reason;
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};
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#define EVENTS_BITS 12
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#define EVENTS_CACHE_SIZE (1UL << EVENTS_BITS)
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struct perf_kvm_stat {
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struct perf_tool tool;
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struct record_opts opts;
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struct perf_evlist *evlist;
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struct perf_session *session;
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const char *file_name;
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const char *report_event;
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const char *sort_key;
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int trace_vcpu;
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struct exit_reasons_table *exit_reasons;
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const char *exit_reasons_isa;
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struct kvm_events_ops *events_ops;
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key_cmp_fun compare;
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struct list_head kvm_events_cache[EVENTS_CACHE_SIZE];
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u64 total_time;
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u64 total_count;
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u64 lost_events;
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u64 duration;
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struct intlist *pid_list;
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struct rb_root result;
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int timerfd;
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unsigned int display_time;
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bool live;
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perf kvm: Support using -f to override perf.data.guest file ownership
Enable perf kvm to use perf.data.guest when it is not owned by current
user or root.
Example:
# perf kvm stat record ls
# chown Yunlong.Song:Yunlong.Song perf.data.guest
# ls -al perf.data.guest
-rw------- 1 Yunlong.Song Yunlong.Song 4128937 Apr 2 11:05 perf.data.guest
# id
uid=0(root) gid=0(root) groups=0(root),64(pkcs11)
Before this patch:
# perf kvm stat report
File perf.data.guest not owned by current user or root (use -f to override)
Initializing perf session failed
# perf kvm stat report -f
Error: unknown switch `f'
usage: perf kvm stat report [<options>]
--event <report event>
event for reporting: vmexit, mmio (x86 only),
ioport (x86 only)
--vcpu <n> vcpu id to report
-k, --key <sort-key> key for sorting: sample(sort by samples
number) time (sort by avg time)
-p, --pid <pid> analyze events only for given process id(s)
As shown above, the -f option does not work at all.
After this patch:
# perf kvm stat report
File perf.data.guest not owned by current user or root (use -f to override)
Initializing perf session failed
# perf kvm stat report -f
Analyze events for all VMs, all VCPUs:
VM-EXIT Samples Samples% Time% Min Time Max Time Avg time
Total Samples:0, Total events handled time:0.00us.
As shown above, the -f option really works now. Since we have not
launched any KVM related process, the result shows 0 sample here.
Signed-off-by: Yunlong Song <yunlong.song@huawei.com>
Tested-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Wang Nan <wangnan0@huawei.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1427982439-27388-5-git-send-email-yunlong.song@huawei.com
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
10 years ago
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bool force;
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};
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struct kvm_reg_events_ops {
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const char *name;
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struct kvm_events_ops *ops;
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};
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void exit_event_get_key(struct perf_evsel *evsel,
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struct perf_sample *sample,
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struct event_key *key);
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bool exit_event_begin(struct perf_evsel *evsel,
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struct perf_sample *sample,
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struct event_key *key);
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bool exit_event_end(struct perf_evsel *evsel,
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struct perf_sample *sample,
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struct event_key *key);
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void exit_event_decode_key(struct perf_kvm_stat *kvm,
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struct event_key *key,
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char *decode);
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bool kvm_exit_event(struct perf_evsel *evsel);
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bool kvm_entry_event(struct perf_evsel *evsel);
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perf kvm/powerpc: Port perf kvm stat to powerpc
perf kvm can be used to analyze guest exit reasons. This support already
exists in x86. Hence, porting it to powerpc.
- To trace KVM events :
perf kvm stat record
If many guests are running, we can track for a specific guest by using
--pid as in : perf kvm stat record --pid <pid>
- To see the results :
perf kvm stat report
The result shows the number of exits (from the guest context to
host/hypervisor context) grouped by their respective exit reasons with
their frequency.
Since, different powerpc machines have different KVM tracepoints, this
patch discovers the available tracepoints dynamically and accordingly
looks for them. If any single tracepoint is not present, this support
won't be enabled for reporting. To record, this will fail if any of the
events we are looking to record isn't available. Right now, its only
supported on PowerPC Book3S_HV architectures.
To analyze the different exits, group them and present them (in a slight
descriptive way) to the user, we need a mapping between the "exit code"
(dumped in the kvm_guest_exit tracepoint data) and to its related
Interrupt vector description (exit reason). This patch adds this mapping
in book3s_hv_exits.h.
It records on two available KVM tracepoints for book3s_hv:
"kvm_hv:kvm_guest_exit" and "kvm_hv:kvm_guest_enter".
Here is a sample o/p:
# pgrep qemu
19378
60515
2 Guests are running on the host.
# perf kvm stat record -a
^C[ perf record: Woken up 1 times to write data ]
[ perf record: Captured and wrote 4.153 MB perf.data.guest (39624
samples) ]
# perf kvm stat report -p 60515
Analyze events for pid(s) 60515, all VCPUs:
VM-EXIT Samples Samples% Time% MinTime MaxTime Avg time
SYSCALL 9141 63.67% 7.49% 1.26us 5782.39us 9.87us (+- 6.46%)
H_DATA_STORAGE 4114 28.66% 5.07% 1.72us 4597.68us 14.84us (+-20.06%)
HV_DECREMENTER 418 2.91% 4.26% 0.70us 30002.22us 122.58us (+-70.29%)
EXTERNAL 392 2.73% 0.06% 0.64us 104.10us 1.94us (+-18.83%)
RETURN_TO_HOST 287 2.00% 83.11% 1.53us 124240.15us 3486.52us (+-16.81%)
H_INST_STORAGE 5 0.03% 0.00% 1.88us 3.73us 2.39us (+-14.20%)
Total Samples:14357, Total events handled time:1203918.42us.
Signed-off-by: Hemant Kumar <hemant@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Alexander Yarygin <yarygin@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: David Ahern <dsahern@gmail.com>
Cc: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
Cc: Naveen N. Rao <naveen.n.rao@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Scott Wood <scottwood@freescale.com>
Cc: Srikar Dronamraju <srikar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1453962787-15376-3-git-send-email-hemant@linux.vnet.ibm.com
Signed-off-by: Srikar Dronamraju <srikar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
9 years ago
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int setup_kvm_events_tp(struct perf_kvm_stat *kvm);
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#define define_exit_reasons_table(name, symbols) \
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static struct exit_reasons_table name[] = { \
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symbols, { -1, NULL } \
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}
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/*
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* arch specific callbacks and data structures
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*/
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int cpu_isa_init(struct perf_kvm_stat *kvm, const char *cpuid);
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extern const char *kvm_events_tp[];
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extern struct kvm_reg_events_ops kvm_reg_events_ops[];
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extern const char * const kvm_skip_events[];
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extern const char *vcpu_id_str;
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extern const int decode_str_len;
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extern const char *kvm_exit_reason;
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extern const char *kvm_entry_trace;
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extern const char *kvm_exit_trace;
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#endif /* __PERF_KVM_STAT_H */
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